본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Changes in Learner (De)Motivation and Confidence: A Longitudinal Analysis of an Online-offline Blended English Program

2

조회

0

다운로드

5

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

This paper examines the longitudinal changes of Korean college students in their motivation and their self-confidence in an online-offline blended EFL-learning course. The participants completed the same questionnaire three times (i.e., March, June, and December) with items regarding the ideal second language (L2) self, the ought-to L2 self, instrumentality, integrativeness, demotivation, and the perceived confidence in speaking English. Repeated-measures t-test/ANOVA indicated that students’ initial motivation was maintained until the end of the academic year. Their confidence in speaking English increased in a statistically significant manner. However, student demotivation also increased despite the fact that it remained at a relatively low level. These findings portrayed that the online-offline blended English learning was an effective instructional medium for EFL students in their English courses. This study suggests that L2 practitioners need to find an optimal balance between online instruction and offline EFL classes, where in-class authentic L2 communication should be maximally fostered.

Abstract

This paper examines the longitudinal changes of Korean college students in their motivation and their self-confidence in an online-offline blended EFL-learning course. The participants completed the same questionnaire three times (i.e., March, June, and December) with items regarding the ideal second language (L2) self, the ought-to L2 self, instrumentality, integrativeness, demotivation, and the perceived confidence in speaking English. Repeated-measures t-test/ANOVA indicated that students’ initial motivation was maintained until the end of the academic year. Their confidence in speaking English increased in a statistically significant manner. However, student demotivation also increased despite the fact that it remained at a relatively low level. These findings portrayed that the online-offline blended English learning was an effective instructional medium for EFL students in their English courses. This study suggests that L2 practitioners need to find an optimal balance between online instruction and offline EFL classes, where in-class authentic L2 communication should be maximally fostered.

참고문헌 (50)

  1. Bahari, A., "FonF practice model from theory to practice: CALL via focus on form approach and non-linear dynamic motivation to develop listening and speaking proficiency", Computers and Education, 130, pp.40~58 (2019)
  2. Cho, S. -K., "A study of English teaching: Facilities and curriculum development", English Teaching, 52(4), pp.303~330 (1997)
  3. Choi, H. -J., "The effect of context-based video instruction on learning and motivation in online courses", The American Journal of Distance Education, 19(4), pp.215~227 (2005)
  4. Christophel, D. M., "A test-retest analysis of student motivation, teacher immediacy and perceived sources of motivation and demotivation in college classes", Communication Education, 44, pp.292~306 (1995)
  5. Chapelle, C., "Multimedia CALL: Lessons to be learned from research on instructed SLA", Language Learning and Technology, 2(1), pp.21~39 (1998)
  6. Compton, L. K. L., "Preparing language teachers to teach language online: A look at skills, roles, and responsibilities", Computer Assisted Language Learning, 22(1), pp.73~99 (2009)
  7. Dörnyei, Z., "Motivation, language identity and the L2 self", pp.9~42 (2009), Multilingual Matters
  8. Dörnyei, Z., "Questionnaires in second language research: Construction, administration, and processing" (2010), Routledge
  9. Dörnyei, Z., "Innovations and challenges in language learning motivation" (2020), Routledge
  10. Dörnyei, Z., "Motivation, language identity and the L2 self" (2009), Multilingual Matters
  11. Dörnyei, Z., "Teaching and researching motivation" (2011), Pearson Education
  12. Dutton, J., "How do online students differ from lecture students?", Journal of Asychronos Learning Networks, 6(1), pp.1~20 (2002)
  13. Falout, J., "Demotivation: Affective states and learning outcomes", System, 37, pp.403~417 (2009)
  14. Frankola, K., "Why online lectures drop out", Workforce, 80(10), pp.53~59 (2001)
  15. Gardner, R. C., "Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation" (1985), Edward Arnold
  16. Gardner, R. C., "Motivation and second language acquisition: The socio-educational model" (2010), Peter Lang
  17. Hoic-Bozic, N., "A blended learning approach to course design and implementation", IEEE Transactions on Education, 52(1), pp.19~30 (2009)
  18. Hubbard, P., "CALL and the future of language teacher education", CALICO Journal, 25(2), pp.175~188 (2008)
  19. Huh, K., "Fostering creativity and language skills of foreign language learning through SMART learning environments: Evidence from fifth-grade Korean EFL learners", TESOL Journal, 2019, pp.e489~ (2019)[DOI]
  20. 정낙원, "초고속 인터넷서비스의 보편적 서비스 지정의 필요성: 융합시대 초고속 인터넷서비스의 확산 방안에 대한 모색", 디지털융복합연구, 15(2), pp.11~25 (2017), 한국디지털정책학회[DOI]
  21. Kikuchi, K., "Listening to our learners' voices: What demotivates Japanese high school students?", Language Teaching Research, 13(4), pp.453~471 (2009)
  22. Kim, C. -J., "Construction of e-learning environments in Korea", Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(4), pp.108~114 (2005)
  23. 김은주, "Lessons learned from college freshmen’s participation in a new college English program.", 멀티미디어 언어교육, 14(3), pp.63~86 (2011), 한국멀티미디어언어교육학회[DOI]
  24. Kim, H., "WorldCALL: Sustainability and computer-assisted language learning", pp.244~264 (2016), Bloomsbury
  25. 김혜영, "말하기수행능력강화를 위한 온라인결합 대학영어 교육과정 개발", 멀티미디어 언어교육, 13(3), pp.197~214 (2010), 한국멀티미디어언어교육학회[DOI]
  26. 김태영, "Korean elementary school students' English learning demotivation: a comparative survey study", Asia Pacific Education Review, 12(1), pp.1~11 (2011), 교육연구소[DOI]
  27. 김태영, "The L2 Motivational Self System of Korean EFL Students: Cross-grade Survey Analysis", 영어교육, 67(1), pp.29~56 (2012), 한국영어교육학회[DOI]
  28. Kim, T.-Y., "L2 learning and teaching (de)motivation in South Korea: State of the art", Plenary speech presented at the 18th Asia TEFL International Conference with Korea TESOL (2020)
  29. Kim, T. -Y., "A qualitative inquiry on EFL learning demotivation and resilience: A study of primary and secondary EFL students in South Korea", The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 27(1), pp.55~64 (2018)
  30. 김영숙, "대학 교양영어 수준별 수업에 대한 학습자와 교수자의 인식에 관한 연구", 영어교육, 64(4), pp.337~368 (2009), 한국영어교육학회[DOI]
  31. Lai, C., "Self-regulated out-of-class language learning with technology", Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24(4), pp.317~335 (2011)
  32. Lim, J. -W., "A case study of general English course evaluation based on learner’s needs analysis", Modern English Education, 7(2), pp.130~149 (2006)
  33. Lynch, D., "The relationship between self-regulation and online learning in a blended learning context", International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 5(2), pp.1~16 (2004)
  34. Merisotis, J. P., "What’s the difference? Outcomes of distance vs. traditional classroom based learning", Change, 31(3), pp.13~17 (1999)
  35. Murphy, L., "Identity, motivation and autonomy in language learning", pp.107~124 (2011), Multilingual Matters
  36. Nam, J.-M., "Perceptions of Korean college students and teachers about communication-based English instruction: Evaluation of a college curriculum in South Korea", doctoral, pp.2005
  37. 남현정, "The Effect of Flipped Learning Using Multimedia on Learners’ Academic Achievement, Intercultural Competence, and Autonomy", 멀티미디어 언어교육, 22(3), pp.84~101 (2019), 한국멀티미디어언어교육학회[DOI]
  38. Oblender, T., "A hybrid course model: One solution to the high online drop-out rate", Learning and Leading with Technology, 29(6), pp.42~46 (2002)
  39. Rovai, A. P., "Building classroom community at a distance: A case study", Educational Technology Research and Development Journal, 49(4), pp.33~48 (2001)
  40. Rubin, J., "What the 'good language learner' can teach us?", TESOL Quarterly, 9(1), pp.41~51 (1975)
  41. Saldana, J., "The coding manual for qualitative researchers" (2015), Sage
  42. Stern, H. H., "What can we learn from the good language learner?", The Canadian Modern Language Review, 31(4), pp.304~318 (1975)
  43. Ushida, E., "The role of students’ attitudes and motivation in second language learning in online language courses", CALICO Journal, 23(1), pp.49~78 (2005)
  44. Warschauer, M., "Handbook of undergraduate second language education", pp.303~318 (2000), Lawrence Erlbaum
  45. White, C., "Language learning in distance education" (2003), Cambridge University Press
  46. Willging, P. A., "Factors that influence students’ decision to dropout of online courses", Journal of Asychronos Learning Networks, 8(4), pp.105~118 (2004)
  47. Williams, M., "Students’ developing conceptions of themselves as language learners", The Modern Language Journal, 83(2), pp.193~201 (1999)
  48. Xiao, J., "Successful and unsuccessful distance language learners: an ‘affective’ perspective", Open Learning, 27(2), pp.121~136 (2012)
  49. Yang, Y. F., "Blended learning for college students with English reading difficulties", Computer Assisted Language Learning, 1, pp.1~18 (2011)
  50. "South Korea’s Coronavirus lesson: School’s out for a while" (2020)[URL]

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (32건)