공정거래법상 동의명령제 도입방안 연구
Introducing Consent Order into the Korea Anti-Monopoly and Fair Trade Act
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Abstract
The KOREA-US Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter “KORUS FTA”) was signed on 4 April 2007 between trade negotiating representatives, and is awaiting respective legislator’s recognition. The KORUS FTA Chapter Sixteen (so-called Competition Chapter) is composed of 9 articles. Among them, the article 16.1(5) declares “Each Party shall provide its authorities responsible for the enforcement of its national competition laws with the authority to resolve an administrative or civil enforcement action by mutual agreement with the subject of such an enforcement action. A Party may provide for such agreement to be subject to judicial approval.” This mutual agreement makes reference to the consent order. The antitrust consent orders are kind of the law enforcement measures and very flexible legal device through the negotiation between the antitrust authority and offending enterprises. In the USA, the majority of antitrust cases were settled by consent orders. Under the current Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (hereinafter “Fair Trade Act”) in Korea, there are only unilateral corrective measures, including cease and desist order and surcharge order. In this study, I researched the FTC’s consent order and the DOJ’s consent decree procedure and several cases which were settled by negotiation through prescribed consent order scheme in the USA. And the commitment decision procedure in the EU, the Verpflichtungszusagen procedure in the Germany, and the consent adjudication procedure in the Japan were considered, too. This article affirms the necessity of the introducing consent order into our current scheme and seeks to find the proper legislation method of it. To avoid the abuse of power by the Korea Fair Trade Commission (hereinafter “KFTC”), I suggest some recommendations for legislature as follows: Firstly, The exclusion of all cartels from consent order's scope is not appropriate. At least, the consent order should apply to the types of cartels that should be treated under the rule of reason. However where the degree of violations is so obvious and considerable, it should be excluded and to be treated regularly. Secondly, Accepting public comments and conferences with relevant authorities are necessary before entering into consent orders. Thirdly, the judicial review of public interest is unnecessary to the consent order by the KFTC, which is not an independent regulatory body as the FTC but has different feature from the ordinary government ministries, being a quasi-judiciary and quasi-legislative body. The great weight should be put on the independence and expertise of the KFTC. Fourthly, all main opinions and final decisions will be in principle made public via the internet home page in order to accept the public comment. Lastly and not the least, Where the facts which the consent order is based on are false, misrepresented or manipulated, the consent orders should be cancelled through litigations. The reopening should be available for the competition authority and the defendant enterprises to modify the consent orders where necessitated by changed conditions of law or fact, or as required in the public interest.
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