부모의 교육 수준 및 직업과 저출생체중의 상관 관계
The Associations of Parental Education Level and Employment Status on the Risks of Low Birth Weight
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목적: 신생아의 이환율은 출생 체중과 강한 연관을 가지며, 저출생체중은 아동기 및 성인기 건강에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져있다. 본 연구에서는 부모의 사회경제적 지위가 저출생체중의 위험도에 미치는 영향에 관하여 2008년 통계청 출생 신고 자료를 조사분석하였다. 방법: 2008년 총 출생 신생아 수는 465,892명으로, 다태아 및 재태 주수나 출생 체중이 누락된 예를 제외한 450,574명을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 부모의 학력 수준과 직업 상태를 노출 요인으로 분석하였고, 출생지, 성별, 부모의 결혼 상태, 부모의 나이, 산과력을 보정하여 다변량 회귀 분석을 시행하였다. 저출생체중의 정의는 2,500 g 미만의 출생 체중으로 하였다. 결과: 저출생체중 신생아는 전체 연구 대상의 3.5%인 15,782명으로, 다변량 분석 시행 결과 아버지[OR 1.38] 와 어머니[OR 1.35]의 학력이 중학교 졸업 미만인 군에서 저출생체중에 대한 통계적으로 유의한 교차비가 가장 높게 나타났다. 부모의 직업과 저출생체중의 연관성에 대한 다변량분석에서 아버지의 직업이 비노무직인 경우에대한 무직의 비율만이 의미 있게 높은 교차비를 보였다[OR 1.14]. 어머니의 직업 상태는 저출생체중에 대한 위험도에 의미 있는 영향을끼치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 결론: 본 연구에서 저자들은 교육 수준과 직업 상태와 같은 부모의 낮은 사회경제적 위치가 저출생체중의 가능성을 높임을 확인하였다.
Abstract
Purpose: Neonatal morbidity is strongly related to birth weight, and low birth weight (LBW) is known to be associated with childhood and even adult outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the associations of parental socio-economic status (SES) on the risks of low birth weight in the Republic of Korea. Methods: Data on 450,574 singleton births were obtained from the National Birth Registration (NBR) database of 2008 and analyzed. Parental educational level and parental employment status were considered for the analysis. The place of birth, sex, marital status, parental age, and parity were included in the analysis of the unconditional multiple logistic regressions. LBW was defined as birth weight less than 2,500 g. Results: 15,782 (3.5% of total subjects) of LBW infants were identified. The group with the lowest educational level (below high school) had the highest odds ratio of LBW, in both the father and mother, in the multivariable analysis [odds ratio (OR) 1.38 and 1.35,respectively]. Regarding paternal employment status, unemployed group had statistically significantly higher OR compared to the non-manual group (OR 1.14). Maternal employment status was analyzed not to have significant effect on the risk of LBW. Conclusion: The study confirmed that low parental SES in educational level or employment status increased the likelihood of LBW.
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