본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Exploring the Enabling Factors and Constraints for Developing Learner Autonomy in an Underprivileged Indonesian EFL Context

Bonik Kurniati Amalo|Eleni Petraki
아시아테플 (AsiaTEFL (The Asian Association of Teachers of English As a Foreign Language))|2024.09|Journal of Asia TEFL|제21권 제3호|pp. 640-660|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2024.21.3.8.640

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

learner autonomyEFL teacher perceptionsEFL student perceptionsunderprivileged schoolsfeasibility of learner autonomy

초록

Otonomi pebelajar adalah konsep multidimensi dan kompleks yang telah menarik perhatian banyak penelitian di konteks Barat dan Asia. Mayoritas penelitian ini berfokus pada konteks lingkungan yang maju dan memiliki hak istimewa namun mengabaikan konteks yang kurang mampu, di mana otonomi pebelajar telah diakui sebagai strategi penyelamatan. Secara bersamaan, sebagian besar penelitian membahas persepsi siswa atau guru saja dalam satu studi tentang pengembangan otonomi pebelajar. Penelitian ini merujuk pada kesenjangan yang disebutkan di atas, dengan mengeksplorasi persepsi guru dan siswa yang yang mempelajari Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing tentang prospek dan hambatan dalam meningkatkan otonomi pebelajar di sekolah menengah tertinggal di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologis yang terdiri dari 32 wawancara dengan guru Bahasa Inggris dan wawancara kelompok dengan 30 pelajar. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa baik guru maupun siswa mengidentifikasi faktor sosial ekonomi sebagai hambatan terbesar yang terdiri dari terbatasnya akses terhadap sumber belajar dan terbatasnya waktu untuk melakukan pembelajaran mandiri. Namun, kesenjangan yang mencolok muncul pada persepsi kedua kelompok partisipan ini terkait faktor pendukung dalam implementasi otonomi pebelajar. Hal ini terkonfirmasi dalam persepsi kedua kelompok partisipan tersebut mengenai kelayakan implementasi otonomi pebelajar ini. Dalam hal faktor pendukung untuk meningkatkan otonomi, siswa lebih optimis mengenai kemungkinan mengembangkan otonomi pebelajar, dan menyatakan beberapa factor pendukung dibandingkan dengan guru mereka. Studi ini memberikan implikasi praktis untuk pelatihan guru yang sesuai untuk memenuhi kebutuhan banyak lingkungan pengajaran yang kekurangan sumber daya.

Abstract

Learner autonomy is a multidimensional and complex concept that has attracted immense research attention in both Western and Asian contexts. The majority of this research focused on privileged environments neglecting underprivileged contexts, where learner autonomy has been recognised as a rescue strategy. Simultaneously, most research addressed either student or teacher perceptions on learner autonomy development in a single study. This study addressed the aforementioned gaps, by investigating EFL teachers’ and students’ perceptions about the prospects and barriers in the promotion of learner autonomy in disadvantaged Indonesian secondary schools. It adopted a phenomenological qualitative approach comprising 32 interviews with EFL teachers and focus groups with 30 EFL learners. Findings revealed that both teacher and student participants identified socioeconomic factors as the most prominent hindrance comprising limited access to learning resources and limited time to conduct autonomous learning. Moreover, a notable disparity emerged in the teachers’ and students’ perceptions of the enabling factors for promoting autonomy. The students were more optimistic about the feasibility of developing learner autonomy, acknowledging several enabling factors compared to their teachers. The study provides practical implications for designing appropriate teacher training to address the needs of many similar underresourced teaching environments.

참고문헌 (106)

  1. Agustien, H., "Recent issues in English language education: Challenges and directions", pp.39~64 (2014), The Association of Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN)
  2. Agustina, D., "A complex system of teachers' beliefs and practices in developing learner autonomy in Indonesian junior high school contexts: A mixed-methods study", Doctor, pp.2017
  3. Ahmadianzadeh, B., "Exploring EFL teachers’ beliefs about and practices of learner autonomy across experience and licensure", Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 14(2), pp.97~113 (2018)[DOI]
  4. Akaranithi, A., "Reconstructing autonomy in language education: Inquiry and innovation", pp.43~55 (2007), Palgrave Macmillan
  5. Al-Busaidi, S. S., "Exploring university teachers’ understanding of learner autonomy", Theory & Practice in Language Studies, 4(10), pp.2051~2060 (2014)[DOI]
  6. Al-Shaqsi, T. S., "Researching English language teaching and teacher development in Oman", pp.157~165 (2009), Ministry of Education Oman
  7. Al Asmari, A., "Practices and prospects of learner autonomy : Teachers’ perceptions", English Language Teaching, 6(3), pp.1~10 (2013)[DOI]
  8. Amalo, B., "Developing learner autonomy in underprivileged Indonesian senior high schools: EFL teachers’ and students’ beliefs and teachers’ practices", Doctor, pp.2023
  9. Amirian, S. M. R., "An investigation into Iranian EFL teachers’ perception of learner autonomy", Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 8(4), pp.807~816 (2017)[DOI]
  10. Arifin, M. A., "The teaching methodology and assessment of character education in Indonesian English", Personnel, 19(1-2), pp.35~49 (2017)
  11. Asiri, J., "Female teachers’ perspectives of learner autonomy in the Saudi context", Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 8(6), pp.570~579 (2018)[DOI]
  12. Balçikanli, C., "Learner autonomy in language learning : Student teachers’ beliefs", Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 35(1), pp.90~103 (2010)[DOI]
  13. Benson, P., "Autonomy and independence in language learning", pp.18~34 (1997), Longman
  14. Benson, P., "State-of-the-art article : Autonomy in language teaching and learning", Language Teaching, 40(1), pp.21~40 (2007)[DOI]
  15. Benson, P., "Teaching and researching autonomy in language learning" (2011), Pearson Education
  16. Benson, P., "Autonomy in the transition from foreign language learning to foreign language teaching", DELTA : Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada, 24, pp.421~439 (2008)[DOI]
  17. Benson, P., "Autonomy and independence in language learning", pp.1~17 (1997), Addison Wesley Longman
  18. Borg, S., "Teachers’ beliefs and practices regarding learner autonomy", ELT Journal, 66, pp.283~292 (2012)[DOI]
  19. Borg, S., "Language learner autonomy in a tertiary context : Teachers’ beliefs and practices", Language Teaching Research, 23(1), pp.9~38 (2019)[DOI]
  20. , 2018
  21. Braun, V., "Using thematic analysis in psychology", Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), pp.77~101 (2006)
  22. Camilleri, G. A., "Learner autonomy-The teachers’ views" (1999), Council of Europe
  23. Camilleri, G. A., "Challenges in teacher development: Learner autonomy and intercultural competence", pp.81~102 (2007), Peter Lang
  24. Chan, V., "Autonomous language learning : The teachers' perspectives", Teaching in Higher Education, 8(1), pp.33~54 (2003)
  25. Chan, V., "Autonomous language learning : Hong Kong tertiary students' attitudes and behaviours", Evaluation & Research in Education, 16(1), pp.1~18 (2002)
  26. Choi, H., "Learner autonomy in EFL reading with digital technology at secondary school level", The Journal of Asia TEFL, 17(4), pp.1323~1345 (2020)[DOI]
  27. Cirocki, A., "Readiness for autonomy in English language learning : The case of Indonesian high school students", Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 7(2), pp.1~18 (2019)[DOI]
  28. Copland, F., "L1 to teach L2 : Complexities and contradictions", ELT Journal, 65(3), pp.270~280 (2011)[DOI]
  29. Cotterall, S., "Promoting learner autonomy through the curriculum : Principles for designing language courses", ELT Journal, 54(2), pp.109~117 (2000)[DOI]
  30. Cotterall, S., "The pedagogy of learner autonomy : Lessons from the classroom", Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 8(2), pp.102~115 (2017)[DOI]
  31. Crabbe, D., "Fostering autonomy from within the classroom : the teacher's responsibility", System, 21(4), pp.443~452 (1993)
  32. Creswell, J. W., "Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches" (2014), SAGE
  33. Creswell, J. W., "Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches" (2017), Sage Publications
  34. Daflizar, D., "Readiness for learner autonomy: An investigation into beliefs and practices of Indonesian tertiary EFL students", doctor, pp.2017
  35. Daflizar, D., "Readiness for autonomous English language learning : The case of Indonesian undergraduate students", Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(3), pp.515~526 (2022)[DOI]
  36. Darsih, E., "Fostering language learner autonomy : Indonesian EFL lecturers voices", English Review : Journal of English Education, 7(1), pp.51~60 (2018)[DOI]
  37. Denzin, N. K., "Handbook of qualitative research", pp.367~378 (2000), Sage Publications
  38. Doğan, G., "EFL instructors' perception and practices on learner autonomy in some Turkish universities", Dil ve Dilbilimi Çalışmaları Dergisi, 13(1), pp.166~193 (2017)
  39. Duong, T. M., "EFL teachers’ perceptions of learner autonomy and their classroom practices: A case study", International Journal of Education and Management Engineering, 4(2), pp.9~17 (2014)
  40. Everhard, C. J., "The answer is learner autonomy: Issues in language teaching and learning", pp.30~52 (2019), Candlin & Mynard
  41. Farahani, M., "From spoon feeding to self-feeding: Are Iranian EFL learners ready to take charge of their own learning?", Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 11(1), pp.98~115 (2014)
  42. Feryok, A., "Teaching for learner autonomy : The teacher’s role and sociocultural theory", Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 7(3), pp.213~225 (2013)[DOI]
  43. Fonseka, E. G., "Learner autonomy across cultures", pp.147~163 (2003), Palgrave Macmillan
  44. Gamble, C., "Examining learner autonomy dimensions: Students’ perceptions of their responsibility and ability", JALT 2011 Conference Proceedings, pp.263~272 (2011), JALT
  45. Hays, D., "Qualitative inquiry in clinical and educational" (2012), Guilford Press
  46. Holec, H., "Autonomy and foreign language learning" (1981), Pergamon Press
  47. Huang, J. P., "Autonomy, agency and identity in foreign and second language education", Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 36(1), pp.7~28 (2013)[DOI]
  48. Inozu, J., "Developing learner autonomy in the language class in Turkey : Voices from the classroom", Asia Pacific Education Review, 12(4), pp.523~531 (2011)[DOI]
  49. Jiménez Raya, M., "Enhancing autonomy in language education: A case-based approach to teacher and learner development" (2015), De Gruyter Mouton
  50. Joshi, K., "Learner perceptions and teacher beliefs about learner autonomy in language learning", Journal of Nepal English Language Teachers’ Association, 16(1-2), pp.13~29 (2012)[DOI]
  51. (2018)[URL]
  52. Khaerudin, T., "Evaluating supports for learner autonomy in ELT textbooks", The Journal of Asia TEFL, 18(1), pp.39~56 (2021)[DOI]
  53. King, R., K., "Teachers’ beliefs and practices concerning learner autonomy in the language Classroom", Asian EFL Journal Quarterly, 19(1), pp.33~55 (2017)
  54. Koad, P., "Learner autonomy : Perception and challenges for Thai university students", The Journal of Asia TEFL, 19(1), pp.364~372 (2022)[DOI]
  55. Koçak, A., "A study on learners’ readiness for autonomous learning of English as a foreign language", master, pp.2003
  56. Khotimah, K., "Autonomous English learning : Teachers’ and students’ perceptions", Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(2), pp.371~381 (2019)[DOI]
  57. Kuchah, K., "Pedagogy of autonomy for difficult circumstances : From practice to principles", Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 5(2), pp.119~140 (2011)[DOI]
  58. Lai, C., "University student and teacher perceptions of teacher roles in promoting autonomous language learning with technology outside the classroom", Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(4), pp.703~723 (2016)[DOI]
  59. Lamb, M., "Explaining successful language learning in difficult circumstances", Prospect, 17(2), pp.35~52 (2002)
  60. Lamb, M., "Integrative motivation in a globalizing world", System, 32(1), pp.3~19 (2004)[DOI]
  61. Lamb, M., "‘Your mum and dad can't teach you!’ : Constraints on agency among rural learners of English in the developing world", Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 34(1), pp.14~29 (2013)[DOI]
  62. Lau, K., "‘The most important thing is to learn the way to learn’: Evaluating the effectiveness of independent learning by perceptual changes", Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 42(3), pp.415~430 (2017)[DOI]
  63. Leavy, P., "Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, arts-based, and community-based participatory research approaches" (2017), Guilford Press
  64. Lee, J. C. -K., "Teacher empowerment and receptivity in curriculum reform in China", Chinese Education & Society, 44(4), pp.64~81 (2011)[DOI]
  65. Lengkanawati, N. S., "Learner autonomy in the Indonesian EFL settings", Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(2), pp.222~231 (2017)[DOI]
  66. Lin, L., "Students’ and teachers’ readiness for autonomy : Beliefs and practices in developing autonomy in the Chinese context", Asia Pacific Education Review, 20(1), pp.69~89 (2019)[DOI]
  67. Little, D., "Learner autonomy 1: Definitions, issues and problems" (1991), Authentik Language Learning Resources
  68. Little, D., "Learner autonomy : A theoretical construct and its practical application", Die Neueren Sprachen, 93(5), pp.430~442 (1994)
  69. Littlewood, W., "Defining and developing autonomy in East Asian contexts", Applied Linguistics, 20(1), pp.71~94 (1999)[DOI]
  70. Macaro, E., "Analysing student teachers’ codeswitching in foreign language classrooms : Theories and decision making", The Modern Language Journal, 85(4), pp.531~548 (2001)
  71. Mardjuki, M. S., "Learner autonomy : Gender-based perception among EFL Indonesian students", Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 3(1), pp.1~17 (2018)[DOI]
  72. Maulana, R., "Teachers' instructional behaviours as important predictors of academic motivation : Changes and links across the school year", Learning and Individual Differences, 50, pp.147~156 (2016)[DOI]
  73. Maxwell, J. A., "Using numbers in qualitative research", Qualitative Inquiry, 16(6), pp.475~482 (2010)
  74. Ma’wa, J., "EFL teachers’ beliefs in learner autonomy : A study on non-formal education context in Indonesia", Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 6(2), pp.487~508 (2021)[DOI]
  75. Merriam, S. B., "Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation", pp.39~54 (2015), Jossey-Bass
  76. Moser, J., "Creating in-class self-directed learning through can do objectives, portfolio use, and formative assessment", The Journal of Asia TEFL, 14(4), pp.674~686 (2017)[DOI]
  77. Moustakas, C., "Phenomenological research methods" (1994), SAGE
  78. Murase, F., "Assessment and autonomy in language learning", pp.35~63 (2015), Springer
  79. Nakata, Y., "Teachers’ readiness for promoting learner autonomy : A study of Japanese EFL high school teachers", Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(5), pp.900~910 (2011)[DOI]
  80. Nasri, N., "Promoting learner autonomy in an Iranian EFL high school context : Teachers’ practices and constraints in focus", International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 4(4), pp.1~13 (2015)[DOI]
  81. Nga, N. T., "Learner autonomy language learning: Teachers’ beliefs", doctor, pp.2014
  82. Nunan, D., "Autonomy and independence in language learning", pp.192~203 (1997), Longman
  83. Oxford, R. L., "Learner autonomy across cultures", pp.75~91 (2003), Springer
  84. Patton, M. Q., "Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis", Health Services Research, 34(5), pp.1189~1208 (1999)
  85. Phan, T. H., "Learner autonomy in foreign language policies in Vietnamese universities : an exploration of teacher agency from a sociocultural perspective", Current Issues in Language Planning, 18(1), pp.39~56 (2017)[DOI]
  86. Qoyyimah, U., "Teachers’ professional judgement when recontextualising Indonesia’s official curriculum to their contexts", Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 28(2), pp.183~203 (2020)[DOI]
  87. Ramadhiyah, S., "Exploring EFL learner autonomy in the 2013 Curriculum implementation", Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(1), pp.231~240 (2019)
  88. Reinders, H., "Towards a classroom pedagogy for learner autonomy : A framework of independent language learning skills", Australian Journal of Teacher Education(Online), 35(5), pp.40~55 (2010)[DOI]
  89. Reinders, H., "Identity, motivation, and autonomy in language learning", pp.125~142 (2011), Multilingual Matters
  90. Richards, J. C., "Curriculum development in language teaching" (2017), Cambridge University Press
  91. Roberts, P., "Rural education across the world: Models of innovative practice and impact", pp.1~26 (2021), Springer
  92. Ryan, E., "Using students’ native languages in the classroom: Rationale and strategies for monolingual teachers" (2010), Lambert Academic Publishing
  93. Salimi, A., "Learner autonomy : Investigating Iranian English teachers' beliefs", Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 5(5), pp.1106~1115 (2015)
  94. Shahsavari, S., "Efficiency, feasibility and desirability of learner autonomy based on teachers’ and learners’ point of views", Theory & Practice in Language Studies, 4(2), pp.271~280 (2014)
  95. Smith, R., "Autonomy in language learning and teaching", pp.7~27 (2018), Springer
  96. Suyanto, S., "The implementation of the scientific approach through 5Ms of the revised curriculum 2013 in Indonesia", Cakrawala Pendidikan, 37(1), pp.22~29 (2018)
  97. Teng, F., "Autonomy, agency, and identity in teaching and learning English as a foreign language" (2019), Springer Singapore
  98. Wang, Y., "Language learner autonomy: Teachers’ beliefs and practices in Asian contexts", pp.23~42 (2016), IDP Education
  99. Wen-Cheng, H., "An investigation of responsibility and learner autonomy in a Sino-British EAP program in China", The Journal of Asia TEFL, 16(1), pp.220~234 (2019)[DOI]
  100. Wichayathian, N., "A teacher's perspective on autonomy and self-access : From theory to perception to practice", Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 12(2), pp.89~104 (2015)[DOI]
  101. Wiraningsih, P., "EFL teachers’ challenges in promoting learner autonomy in the 21st-century learning", Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 10(2), pp.290~314 (2020)[DOI]
  102. Yasmin, M., "Learner autonomy : Pakistani English teachers' beliefs", Bulletin of Education and Research, 40(2), pp.179~194 (2018)
  103. Yildrim, Ö., "Turkish EFL learners’ readiness for learner autonomy", Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 4(1), pp.65~80 (2008)
  104. Yin, R. K., "Validity and generalization in future case study evaluations", Evaluation, 19(3), pp.321~332 (2013)[DOI]
  105. Yuliani, Y., "Project-based learning in promoting learner autonomy in an EFL classroom", Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(2), pp.285~293 (2017)[DOI]
  106. Yunus, M. M., "ESL teachers' perceptions toward the practices and prospect of autonomous language learning", Asian Social Science, 11(2), pp.41~51 (2015)[DOI]

관련 논문AI추천

Evaluating Supports for Learner Autonomy in ELT TextbooksAlice Chik, Teguh Khaerudin아시아테플 · Journal of Asia TEFL2021 · 제18권 제1호Analysis of Learner Autonomy from the English Language Teachers’ Perspective정희정21세기영어영문학회 · 영어영문학212016 · 제29권 제3호Factors Affecting EFL Teachers’ Participation in Professional Development in Disadvantaged Regions: Insights from IndonesiaNurenzia Yannuar, Nur Mukminatien, Yazid Basthomi, Yohanis Nurak Siwa아시아테플 · Journal of Asia TEFL2025 · 제22권 제4호Perceptions of Learner Autonomy in English Conversation Classes among Non-English Majors in South Korea이길영, 이현주한국영어교과교육학회 · 영어교과교육2024 · 제23권 제3호Learner Autonomy in EFL Reading with Digital Technology at Secondary School Level이충현, Heewon Choi아시아테플 · Journal of Asia TEFL2020 · 제17권 제4호Indonesian EFL Teachers’ Practice of Online Informal Learning of English: Perceived Understandings and Benefits to Language SkillsI Gusti Ngurah Agung Wijaya Mahardika, Nunung Suryati, Tengku Intan Suzila Tengku Sharif, Utami Widiati, Yazid Basthomi아시아테플 · Journal of Asia TEFL2023 · 제20권 제3호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (16건)

The Effectiveness of AI-Assisted Language Learning: Possibilities of Facilitating the Intelligibility of Korean-Accented EnglishHyun Kyung Miki Bong, 정보현pp. 520-535A Case Study of Three Korean Elementary School Students’ English Reading Experiences Assisted by Hyperlinked Resources소영순, Jiyoon Seongpp. 536-552Exploring the Influence of Automated Writing Evaluation on Teacher Feedback and Student Writing PerformancePyung-hwa Jung, Hee-Kyung Leepp. 553-569The Relationship between Chinese Undergraduate EFL Learners’ Perceived Teacher Support and Learning EngagementTianhao Lipp. 570-585Exploring the Complex Associations among Language Proficiency, Aptitude, Cognitive Style, Vocabulary Learning Strategies, and Vocabulary KnowledgeMiki Satoripp. 586-599
원문 보기