Korean /l/-flapping in an /i/-/i/ context
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초록
In this study, we aim to describe kinematic characteristics of Korean /l/-flapping in two speech rates (fast vs. comfortable). Production data was collected from seven native speakers of Seoul Korean (four females and three males) using electromagneticmidsagittal articulometry (EMMA), which provided two dimensional data on the x-y plane. We examined kinematic properties ofthe vertical/horizontal tongue tip gesture, the vertical/horizontal (rear) tongue body gesture, and the jaw gesture in an /i/-/i/context. Gestural landmarks of the vertical tongue tip gesture are directly measured. This serves as the actual anchoring timepoints to which relevant measures of other trajectories referred. The study focuses on velocity profiles, closing/openingspatiotemporal properties, constriction duration, and constriction minima were analyzed. The results are summarized as follows. First, gradiently distributed spatiotemporal values of the vertical tongue tip gesture were on a continuum. This shows more of areduction in fast speech rate, but no single instance of categorical reduction (deletion). Second, Korean /l/-flappingpredominantly exhibited a backward sliding tongue tip movement, in 83% of production, which is apparently distinguished fromforward sliding movement in English. Lastly, there was an indication of vocalic reduction in fast rate, truncating spatialdisplacement of the jaw and the tongue body, although we did not observe positional variations with speech rate. The presentstudy shows that Korean /l/-flapping is characterized by mixed articulatory properties with respect to flapping sounds of otherlanguages such as English and Xiangxiang Chinese. Korean /l/ flapping demonstrates a language-universal property, such as thegradient nature of its flapping sounds that is compatible with other languages. On the other hand, Korean /l/-flapping also showsa language-particular property, particularly distinguished from English, in that a backward gliding movement occurs during thetongue tip closing movement. Although, there was no vocalic reduction in V2 observed in terms of jaw and tongue body height,spatial displacement of these articulators still suggests truncation in fast speech rate.
Abstract
In this study, we aim to describe kinematic characteristics of Korean /l/-flapping in two speech rates (fast vs. comfortable). Production data was collected from seven native speakers of Seoul Korean (four females and three males) using electromagneticmidsagittal articulometry (EMMA), which provided two dimensional data on the x-y plane. We examined kinematic properties ofthe vertical/horizontal tongue tip gesture, the vertical/horizontal (rear) tongue body gesture, and the jaw gesture in an /i/-/i/context. Gestural landmarks of the vertical tongue tip gesture are directly measured. This serves as the actual anchoring timepoints to which relevant measures of other trajectories referred. The study focuses on velocity profiles, closing/openingspatiotemporal properties, constriction duration, and constriction minima were analyzed. The results are summarized as follows. First, gradiently distributed spatiotemporal values of the vertical tongue tip gesture were on a continuum. This shows more of areduction in fast speech rate, but no single instance of categorical reduction (deletion). Second, Korean /l/-flappingpredominantly exhibited a backward sliding tongue tip movement, in 83% of production, which is apparently distinguished fromforward sliding movement in English. Lastly, there was an indication of vocalic reduction in fast rate, truncating spatialdisplacement of the jaw and the tongue body, although we did not observe positional variations with speech rate. The presentstudy shows that Korean /l/-flapping is characterized by mixed articulatory properties with respect to flapping sounds of otherlanguages such as English and Xiangxiang Chinese. Korean /l/ flapping demonstrates a language-universal property, such as thegradient nature of its flapping sounds that is compatible with other languages. On the other hand, Korean /l/-flapping also showsa language-particular property, particularly distinguished from English, in that a backward gliding movement occurs during thetongue tip closing movement. Although, there was no vocalic reduction in V2 observed in terms of jaw and tongue body height,spatial displacement of these articulators still suggests truncation in fast speech rate.
참고문헌 (44)
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