초극소 저출생 체중아(≤1,000 g)에서 조기에 시작하는 정맥 영양 공급의 효과
Effects of Early Parenteral Nutrition for Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
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목적: 초극소 미숙아에서 정맥 영양 공급은 성장을 촉진하고예후를 호전시키는 중요한 요소로써, 점차 좀 더 이른 시점에 시작하는, 좀 더 적극적인 영양 공급에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 출생체중 1,000 g 미만의 초극소 미숙아에서 가능한 빨리 총 정맥영양(TPN)을 시작하여 빠른 속도로 영양과 칼로리를 증량시키는 것이 생후 수일 이후에 정맥 영양을 시작하는 것에 비해 어떠한 효과가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2003년과 2009년 삼성서울병원에서 출생하여 입원한출생체중 1,000 g 이하의 초극소 미숙아 총 85명 중 생존하여퇴원한 60명을 대상으로 하였고, 생후 2-3일 이후부터 TPN을시작하는 2003년 1월 1일부터 2003년 12월 31일까지를 1기(22명), 가능한 조기에 TPN을 시작하는 2009년 1월부터 2009년12월까지를 2기(38명)로 분류하였다. 총 60명의 차트를 후향적으로 조사하였고, 정맥 영양 성분과 총 섭취 칼로리는 생후 7일까지 조사하였고. 이들의 체중의 변화와 임상경과와 합병증을비교하였다. 결과: 1기에 비해 2기에서 출생체중이 낮아지고(1기: 830±110 g, 2기: 740±164 g) 아프가 점수는 1분과 5분 모두 2기에서 높았던 것으로 나타났다. 출생 7일까지 글루코스와 아미노산의 함량과 총 칼로리량이 2기에서 1기보다 유의하게 높았고,제2기에서 1기에 비하여 생후 1주일에서 2주일까지 BUN은 유의하게 증가하여 더 높았다. 2기에서 1기에 비하여 더 낮은 출생 체중에도 불구하고 생후 2주까지 몸무게 증가 속도가 더 빨랐다. 2기에서 중등도 이상의 기관지 폐 이형성, 괴사성 장염(≥stage 2), 레이저 수술이 필요한 미숙아 망막증, 뇌실내 출혈(≥grade 3)은 1기와 차이가 없었으나, 뇌실주변 백질 연화증(36%vs. 8%) 빈도는 출생체중과 아프가 점수를 보정하여 비교하여도 제 2기에서 1기보다 유의하게 줄어들었다. 결론: 조기에 아미노산을 포함하여 적극적으로 TPN을 시작한 초극소 미숙아 군에서 초기의 이화작용을 줄이면서 동화작용을 촉진시키며, 첫 2주 동안 체중 증가가 효과적으로 빠르고뇌실 주위 백질 연화증 발생률이 감소되었다.
Abstract
Purpose: The object of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of early total parenteral nutrition with early amino acid in extremely low birth weight infant (ELBWI). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of all ELBWIs who were born and admitted to Samsung Medical Center from January 2003 to December 2003 and January 2009 to December 2009 and alive at the time of discharge. Data for nutritional status and morbidities were compared between period 1 (2003, n=22), in which parenteral nutritional support was started gradually over several days and period 2 (2009, n=38), in which parenteral nutrition with amino acid was started as soon as possible after birth. Results: Compared to period 1, birth weight and Apgar score were lower in period 2. The intake amount of glucose, amino acid and total calorie was higher and the level of blood urea nitrogen was increased more from 7th day to 14th day after birth in period 2 when compared than period 1. The weight gain velocity was faster at 7th and 14th postnatal day in period 2. There were no differences in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and severe Intraventricular hemorrhage (≥ Gr III) between two periods but, the incidence of periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) was significantly lower in period 2. Conclusion: Early initiation of total parenteral nutrition with early amino acid in ELBWIs was beneficial at weight gain with lowering catabolism and increasing anabolism. And it could be related with reducing the incidence of PVL.
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