초극소 저체중 출생아의 외래 추적관리와 신경학적 발달의 예후 평가
Outpatient Follow-up Status and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
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목적: 생존한 ELBWI의 퇴원 후 교정 연령 18개월까지의 외래 추적관찰의 현황을 파악하고 신경발달의 예후를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2005년 1월부터 2009년 5월까지 서울대학교병원에서 출생한 ELBWI 159명 중 선천성 기형 2명을 제외하고 생존한 130명(81.8%)을 대상으로 의무기록을 바탕으로 한 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 퇴원 후 외래 추적관찰 현황을 파악하였고, 신경학적 발달 평가의 항목으로 뇌성마비, 인지 발달 지연, 청각 및 시각의 장애, 따라잡기 성장을 조사하였으며 뇌성마비 및 인지 발달 지연에 영향을 미치는 위험 인자를 파악하였다. 결과: 정상 퇴원한 생존아 130명 중 122명(93.8%)이 지속적인 외래 추적관찰을 받았다. 이들의 평균 재태 주령은 27+0주, 평균 출생체중은 783 g 이었다. 111명(85.4%)이 재활의학과 외래의 추적관찰을 지속하였고 11명(9.9%)이 뇌성마비로 진단 받았다. BSID-III를 시행한 대상아는 교정 연령 8개월 때 85명(74.6%), 교정 연령 18개월때 54명(41.9%)이었고, 70점 미만의 인지 발달 지연은 교정 연령 8개월 때 2명(2.4%), 교정 연령 18개월 때 2명(3.7%)이었다. 안과는 122명(93.8%)이 추적관찰 하였고, 시각 장애는 2명(1.6%)에게서 발생하였다. 생존아 130명 모두가 퇴원 전 AABR을 시행하였고 결과가 비정상이었던 경우는 25명(19.2%)이었으며, 이 중 24명(96%)이 3개월 경청각 기능검사를 시행하였다. 청각 장애가 발생한 경우는 없었다. 교정 연령 18개월 때 따라잡기 성장에 실패한 경우는 40명(32.8%)이었다. PVL, 수두증, 뇌내 단락술을 시행한 경우가 뇌성마비 및 인지발달 지연과 통계적으로 유의한 관련이 있었으며, grade 3 이상의IVH는 뇌성마비와 유의한 관련성이 있었다. 결론: 본 기관에서 ELBWI의 생존율 및 주요 신경발달의 결과는동시대 선진국의 성적과 유사하게 향상된 결과를 보였다. 뇌성마비,시각 및 청각 장애에 대한 추적은 양호한 순응도를 보이나 정형화된발달검사의 순응도가 낮아서 이의 제고를 위한 노력이 필요하다.
Abstract
Purpose: To report the follow-up status and neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors at 18months' corrected age (CA). Method: We performed a retrospective study of 130 ELBW infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Seoul National University Children’s Hospital between January 2005 and May 2009. The follow-up status and neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated until the CA of 18 months. The assessment of outcomes included cerebral palsy, cognitive developmental delay, blindness,deafness and catch-up growth. Clinical data were collected to identify the factors influencing neurodevelopmental disability. Results: Of the 130 survivors at discharge, 122 (93.8%) participated in the follow-up at 18 months' CA. Study characteristics included a mean birth weight of 783 g and a mean gestation of 27 weeks. One hundred and eleven infants (85.4%) were evaluated for cerebral palsy (CP) and 11 (9.9%) were identified with CP. Eighty five infants (74.6%) were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III (BSID-III) at 8 months’ CA and 2 (2.4%) had a cognitive scale <70. Fifty four infants (41.9%) were assessed with BSID-III at 18 months’ CA and 2 (3.7%) had a cognitive scale <70. There were 2 (1.2%) cases of blindness and the case of deafness was not present in this study. The failure of catch-up growth was seen in 40 (32.8%) infants. Severe intraventricular hemorrhage,periventricular leukomalacia, hydrocephalus and shunt insertion were the most important risk factors for neurologic abnormality. Conclusion: In our institution, neurodevelopmental outcomes of ELBW survivors were comparable to recent reports from the USA. ELBW infants need to be monitored on multidisciplinary follow-up programs and more efforts should be made to improve the follow-up.
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