서울말 /ᅩ/와 /ᅮ/의 지각특성
Perceptual cues for /o/ and /u/ in Seoul Korean
1
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Previous studies have confirmed that /o/ and /u/ in Seoul Korean are undergoing a merger in the F1/F2 space, especially for female speakers. As a substitute parameter for formants, it is reported that female speakers use phonation (H1-H2) differences to distinguish /o/ from /u/. This study aimed to explore whether H1-H2 values are being used as perceptual cues for /o/-/u/. A perception test was conducted with 35 college students using /o/ and /u/ spoken by 41 females, which overlap considerably in the vowel space. An acoustic analysis of 182 stimuli was also conducted to see if there is any correspondence between production and perception. The identification rate was 89% on average, 86% for /o/, and 91% for /u/. The results confirmed that when /o/ and /u/ cannot be distinguished in the F1/F2 space because they are too close, H1-H2 differences contribute significantly to the separation of the two vowels. However, in perception, this was not the case. H1-H2 values were not significantly involved in the identification process, and the formants (especially F2) were still dominant cues. The study also showed that even though H1-H2 differences are apparent in females' production, males do not use H1-H2 in their production, and both females and males do not use H1-H2 in their perception. It is presumed that H1-H2 has not yet been developed as a perceptual cue for /o/ and /u/.
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed that /o/ and /u/ in Seoul Korean are undergoing a merger in the F1/F2 space, especially for female speakers. As a substitute parameter for formants, it is reported that female speakers use phonation (H1-H2) differences to distinguish /o/ from /u/. This study aimed to explore whether H1-H2 values are being used as perceptual cues for /o/-/u/. A perception test was conducted with 35 college students using /o/ and /u/ spoken by 41 females, which overlap considerably in the vowel space. An acoustic analysis of 182 stimuli was also conducted to see if there is any correspondence between production and perception. The identification rate was 89% on average, 86% for /o/, and 91% for /u/. The results confirmed that when /o/ and /u/ cannot be distinguished in the F1/F2 space because they are too close, H1-H2 differences contribute significantly to the separation of the two vowels. However, in perception, this was not the case. H1-H2 values were not significantly involved in the identification process, and the formants (especially F2) were still dominant cues. The study also showed that even though H1-H2 differences are apparent in females' production, males do not use H1-H2 in their production, and both females and males do not use H1-H2 in their perception. It is presumed that H1-H2 has not yet been developed as a perceptual cue for /o/ and /u/.
참고문헌 (51)
- 안수웅, "An Acoustic Study of English and Korean Vowels Revisited", 언어, 29(1), pp.45~62 (2004), 한국언어학회
- Albert, A., "On the existence of maximum likelihood estimates in logistic regression models", Biometrika, 71(1), pp.1~10 (1984)
- Beddor, P., "A coarticulatory path to sound change", Language, 85(4), pp.785~821 (2009)
- Beddor, P., "The Initiation of Sound Change:Perception, Production, and Social Factors", pp.37~56 (2012), Benjamins
- 변희경, "서울말", ㅗ, ㅜ, pp.를 구별하는 음향변수, 말소리와 음성과학[DOI]
- 차재은, "20세기 초의 한국어 모음 체계: 1930년대의 음성 자료를 중심으로", 한국어학, 37, pp.361~396 (2007), 한국어학회
- Chae, S., "The core-periphery structure in the Korean lexicon reflected in a phonological variation and change", Phonology and Morphology, 5(1), pp.217~236 (1999)
- Chae, S., "The raising of", o, Studies on Seoul Dialect, pp.2000, 1[DOI]
- 조성문, "현대 국어의 모음 체계에 대한 음향음성학적인 연구", 한국언어문화, 24, pp.427~442 (2003), 한국언어문화학회
- Cho, T., "Acoustic and aerodynamic correlates of Korean stops and fricatives", Journal of Phonetics, 30(2), pp.193~228 (2002)
- Choi, Y., "Perceptual dimensions of Korea vowel: A link between perception and production", Speech Sciences, 8(2), pp.181~191 (2001)
- 최양규, "한국어 단모음의 지각적 모음공간과 심적 표상", 음성과학, 10(2), pp.287~302 (2003), 한국음성과학회
- Choi, Y., "The percetion of vowels synthesized in vowels space by F1 and F2: A study on the differences between vowel perception of Seoul and Kyungnam dialectal speakers", Speech Sciences, 1(1), pp.201~211 (1997)
- Chung, H., "On the listening tests using natural speech of 8 Korean vowels", Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan(E), 9(6), pp.305~307 (1988)
- Di Paolo, M., "Phonation differences and phonetic content of the tense-lax contrast in Utah English", Language Variation and Change, 2(2), pp.155~204 (1990)
- 한정임, "편지글 읽기에 나타난 한국어 모음", 오, 우, pp.의 세대간 차이, 말소리와 음성과학[DOI]
- 한정임, "20세기 초 한국어 단모음의 음향음성학적 연구", 말소리와 음성과학, 6(1), pp.31~38 (2014), 한국음성학회[DOI]
- Harrington, J., "The Initiation of Sound Change: Perception, Production, and Social Factors", pp.103~122 (2012), Benjamins
- A sociolinguistic study of Seoul Korean: With a special section on language divergence between North and South Korea, "Hong, Y.", Research Center for Peace and Unification of Korea, ~ (1991)
- Igeta, T., "Dominance of lower formants of Korean vowels", o, u, pp.in perceptual identification by Seoul dialect listeners, Acoustical Science and Technology[DOI]
- 이게타 타카코, "Sound change of", o, 말소리와 음성과학, pp.2014, 6(3)[DOI]
- 장혜진, "서울 방언 단모음의 연령별 실현 양상", 음성음운형태론연구, 21(2), pp.341~358 (2015), 한국음운론학회[DOI]
- Jung, I., "Acoustic analysis of simple vowels in standard Korean in terms of generational differences", Malsori, (33-34), pp.111~125 (1997)
- 강현숙, "Cross-generational Change of", o, u, pp.in Seoul Korean II: Spectral Interactions in Normalized Vowel Space, 말소리와 음성과학[DOI]
- 강지은, "서울 방언 단모음의 소리 변화와 음향 단서 연구: 단일지점 포먼트와 궤적 양상", 말소리와 음성과학, 8(4), pp.39~47 (2016), 한국음성학회[DOI]
- Kang, S., "Acoustic analysis of Korean simple vowels", Linguistic Journal of Korea, 14, pp.171~212 (1989)
- 강영애, "파킨슨병 환자의 음향 모음 공간 파라미터 비교", 말소리와 음성과학, 2(4), pp.185~192 (2010), 한국음성학회
- 김순옥, "한국어 자연발화 음성코퍼스의 연령별 모음 포먼트 비교 연구", 말소리와 음성과학, 7(3), pp.65~72 (2015), 한국음성학회[DOI]
- King, E., "A preliminary investigation of maximum likelihood logistic regression versus exact logistic regression", The American Statistician, 56(3), pp.163~170 (2002)
- 김정아, "한국인과 한국어 학습자의 단모음 발화", 말소리, 1(65), pp.13~36 (2008), 대한음성학회
- 김영수, "연령 및 성별에 따른 한국인 단모음 포먼트 비교에 관한 연구 -한방병원 내원환자를 중심으로-", 말소리와 음성과학, 5(1), pp.73~80 (2013), 한국음성학회
- Kwak, C., "A phonological study of Korean in the eighteenth century", Gukeoyeongu, 43, pp.1~123 (1980)
- Kwak, C., "Vowel harmony and vowel system", Saegugeosaenghwal, 9(4), pp.151~159 (1999)
- 곽충구, "현대국어의 모음체계와 그 변화의 방향", 國語學, 41, pp.59~91 (2003), 국어학회
- Kuang, J., "Relative cue weighting in production and perception of an ongoing sound change in Southern Yi", Journal of Phonetics, 71, pp.194~214 (2018)
- Lee, H., "A phonetic description of Korean vowels", Language Research, 7(1), pp.37~52 (1971)
- 이향원, "발화 스타일에 따른 한국어 모음의 변이 연구", 언어와 정보 사회, 32, pp.185~207 (2017), 언어정보연구소[DOI]
- 이향원, "한국어 후설 고·중모음에 대한 사회음성학적 연구", 말소리와 음성과학, 9(2), pp.39~51 (2017), 한국음성학회[DOI]
- Lee, J., "An experimental phonetic analysis on Korean vowels by Korean speakers", Language Research, 17, pp.41~57 (1998)
- 문승재, "한국어 단모음의 음성학적 기반연구", 말소리, 1(62), pp.1~17 (2007), 대한음성학회
- Obata, J., "Acoustic features of Korean vowels and consonants", Nippon Sugaku Butsuri Gakkaishi, 6(4), pp.379~403 (1932)
- 오은진, "모음 공간의 크기 및 모음 변화에 대한 화자 성별의 효과: 한국어의 경우", 언어연구, 28(3), pp.531~553 (2012), 한국현대언어학회[DOI]
- Ohala, J., "Papers from the Parasession on Language and Behavior", pp.178~203 (1981), Chicago Linguistic Society
- Ohala, J., "The Initiation of Sound Change: Perception, Production, and Social Factors", pp.21~36 (2012), Benjamins
- "RStudio: Integrated development for R. Boston" (2020)[URL]
- Schwartz, J. L., "Major trends in vowel system inventories", Journal of Phonetics, 25(3), pp.233~253 (1997)
- Schwartz, J. L., "The dispersion-focalization theory of vowel systems", Journal of Phonetics, 25(3), pp.255~286 (1997)
- 성철재, "PDF한국어 단모음 8개에 대한 음향분석 -F1", F2 모음공간에서의 음향변수를 중심으로, 2004, pp.23(6), 454~461[DOI]
- Yang, B., "A comparative study of American English and Korean vowels produced by male and female speakers", Journal of Phonetics, 24, pp.245~261 (1996)
- 윤지현, , 오, 우, pp.합성모음 연속체에 대한 중국인 한국어 학습자의 청지각적 경계, 말소리와 음성과학[DOI]
- 윤태진, "한국어 대용량발화말뭉치의 단모음분석", 말소리와 음성과학, 6(3), pp.139~145 (2014), 한국음성학회[DOI]
