Factors Associated With Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Review
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common and significant disorder affecting a considerable proportion of stroke patients. PSCI is a known factor that increases the risk of mortality, dependency, and institutionalization in stroke patients. The early prediction of PSCI and the implementation of cognitive rehabilitation could enhance the quality of life of stroke patients and reduce the burden on their families. It is therefore imperative to identify risk factors for PSCIs in the early stages of stroke and to implement early cognitive rehabilitation with an appropriate prognosis. A number of risk factors for PSCI can be identified in patient characteristics, clinical findings, and imaging findings. It is unfortunate that the majority of factors associated with PSCI are non-modifiable. However, the only modifiable factor that can be controlled is the management of stroke risk factors for secondary prevention. Further research is needed to elucidate the potential benefits of various cognitive rehabilitation programs for the prevention and improvement of PSCI.
Abstract
Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common and significant disorder affecting a considerable proportion of stroke patients. PSCI is a known factor that increases the risk of mortality, dependency, and institutionalization in stroke patients. The early prediction of PSCI and the implementation of cognitive rehabilitation could enhance the quality of life of stroke patients and reduce the burden on their families. It is therefore imperative to identify risk factors for PSCIs in the early stages of stroke and to implement early cognitive rehabilitation with an appropriate prognosis. A number of risk factors for PSCI can be identified in patient characteristics, clinical findings, and imaging findings. It is unfortunate that the majority of factors associated with PSCI are non-modifiable. However, the only modifiable factor that can be controlled is the management of stroke risk factors for secondary prevention. Further research is needed to elucidate the potential benefits of various cognitive rehabilitation programs for the prevention and improvement of PSCI.
참고문헌 (36)
- Rost NS, "Post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia", Circ Res, 130, pp.1252~1271 (2022)
- Stolwyk RJ, "Poststroke cognitive impairment negatively impacts activity and participation outcomes : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Stroke, 52, pp.748~760 (2021)
- Chang WH, "Predictors of functional level and quality of life at 6 months after a first-ever stroke : the KOSCO study", J Neurol, 263, pp.1166~1177 (2016)
- Obaid M, "Long-term outcomes in stroke patients with cognitive impairment : a population-based study", Geriatrics(Basel), 5, pp.32~ (2020)
- Salthouse TA, "When does age-related cognitive decline begin?", Neurobiol Aging, 30, pp.507~514 (2009)
- Levine DA, "Risk factors for poststroke cognitive decline : the regards study(reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke)", Stroke, 49, pp.987~994 (2018)
- Pendlebury ST, "Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with pre-stroke and post-stroke dementia : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Lancet Neurol, 8, pp.1006~1018 (2009)
- Contador I, "Is cognitive reserve associated with the prevention of cognitive decline after stroke? A Systematic review and meta-analysis", Ageing Res Rev, 84, pp.101814~ (2023)
- "Education level of adult population aged 25 to 64 years old in South Korea in 2022"[URL]
- Stern Y, "Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease", Lancet Neurol, 11, pp.1006~1012 (2012)
- Shin M, "Effect of cognitive reserve on risk of cognitive impairment and recovery after stroke : the KOSCO study", Stroke, 51, pp.99~107 (2020)
- Seshadri S, "Lifetime risk of stroke and dementia : current concepts, and estimates from the Framingham Study", Lancet Neurol, 6, pp.1106~1114 (2007)
- Dong L, "Poststroke cognitive outcomes : sex differences and contributing factors", J Am Heart Assoc, 9, pp.e016683~ (2020)
- Exalto LG, "Sex differences in poststroke cognitive impairment : a multicenter study in 2343 patients with acute ischemic stroke", Stroke, 54, pp.2296~2303 (2023)
- Yun SM, "Gender differences in mortality and long-term functional outcomes after first-ever ischemic stroke : a prospective cohort study", Int J Stroke, 18, pp.839~846 (2023)
- Lendon CL, "Exploring the etiology of Alzheimer disease using molecular genetics", JAMA, 277, pp.825~831 (1997)
- Di Battista AM, "Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk factor APOE-ε4 also affects normal brain function", Curr Alzheimer Res, 13, pp.1200~1207 (2016)
- Shams M, "MRI markers of small vessel disease and the APOE allele in cognitive impairment", Front Aging Neurosci, 14, pp.897674~ (2022)
- Pendlebury ST, "APOE-ε4 genotype and dementia before and after transient ischemic attack and stroke : population-based cohort study", Stroke, 51, pp.751~758 (2020)
- Slooter AJ, "Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 and the risk of dementia with stroke. A population-based investigation", JAMA, 277, pp.818~821 (1997)
- Sachdev PS, "Progression of cognitive impairment in stroke", TIA patients over 3 years, 2014, pp.85, 1324~1330
- Hagberg G, "Predictors for favorable cognitive outcome post-stroke : a-seven-year follow-up study", Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 48, pp.45~55 (2019)
- Gong L, "Prognostic factors for cognitive recovery beyond early poststroke cognitive impairment(PSCI) : a prospective cohort study of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage", Front Neurol, 11, pp.278~ (2020)
- Pendlebury ST, "Incidence and prevalence of dementia associated with transient ischaemic attack and stroke : analysis of the population-based Oxford Vascular Study", Lancet Neurol, 18, pp.248~258 (2019)
- Danovska M, "Post-stroke cognitive impairment – phenomenology and prognostic factors", Journal of IMAB, 18, pp.290~297 (2012)
- Allan LM, "Long term incidence of dementia, predictors of mortality and pathological diagnosis in older stroke survivors", Brain, 134, pp.3716~3727 (2011)
- Abner EL, "Diabetes is associated with cerebrovascular but not Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology", Alzheimers Dement, 12, pp.882~889 (2016)
- Hamilton OK, "Cerebral small vessel disease burden and longitudinal cognitive decline from age 73 to 82 : the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936", Transl Psychiatry, 11, pp.376~ (2021)
- Ball EL, "Predicting post-stroke cognitive impairment using acute CT neuroimaging : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Int J Stroke, 17, pp.618~627 (2022)
- Ball EL, "Predictors of post-stroke cognitive impairment using acute structural MRI neuroimaging : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Int J Stroke, 18, pp.543~554 (2023)
- Quinn TJ, "European Stroke Organisation and European Academy of Neurology joint guidelines on post-stroke cognitive impairment", Eur Stroke J, pp.I~XXXVIII (2021)
- Zhang X, "Post-stroke cognitive impairment : a review focusing on molecular biomarkers", J Mol Neurosci, 70, pp.1244~1254 (2020)
- Kim KY, "Potential biomarkers for post-stroke cognitive impairment : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Int J Mol Sci, 23, pp.602~ (2022)
- Lee M, "Prediction of post-stroke cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke using machine learning", Alzheimers Res Ther, 15, pp.147~ (2023)
- Li G, "Effects of exercise on post-stroke cognitive function : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials", Top Stroke Rehabil, 31, pp.645~666 (2024)
- Liu X, "Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on post-stroke cognitive impairment : a systematic and a network meta-analysis", Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 39, pp.e6117~ (2024)