Trends in Inequality in Cigarette Smoking Prevalence by Income According to Recent Anti-smoking Policies in Korea: Use of Three National Surveys
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objectives: This study examined trends in inequality in cigarette smoking prevalence by income according to recent anti-smoking policies in Korea. Methods: The data used in this study were drawn from three nationally representative surveys, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the Korea Community Health Survey, and the Social Survey of Statistics Korea. We calculated the age-standardized smoking prevalence, the slope index of inequality, and the relative index of inequality by income level as a socioeconomic position indicator. Results: Smoking prevalence among men decreased during the study period, but the downward trend became especially pronounced in 2015, when the tobacco price was substantially increased. Inequalities in cigarette smoking by income were evident in both genders over the study period in all three national surveys examined. Absolute inequality tended to decrease between 2014 and 2015 among men. Absolute and relative inequality by income decreased between 2008 and 2016 in women aged 30-59, except between 2014 and 2015. Conclusions: The recent anti-smoking policies in Korea resulted in a downward trend in smoking prevalence among men, but not in relative inequality, throughout the study period. Absolute inequality decreased over the study period among men aged 30-59. A more aggressive tax policy is warranted to further reduce socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in young adults in Korea.
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined trends in inequality in cigarette smoking prevalence by income according to recent anti-smoking policies in Korea. Methods: The data used in this study were drawn from three nationally representative surveys, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the Korea Community Health Survey, and the Social Survey of Statistics Korea. We calculated the age-standardized smoking prevalence, the slope index of inequality, and the relative index of inequality by income level as a socioeconomic position indicator. Results: Smoking prevalence among men decreased during the study period, but the downward trend became especially pronounced in 2015, when the tobacco price was substantially increased. Inequalities in cigarette smoking by income were evident in both genders over the study period in all three national surveys examined. Absolute inequality tended to decrease between 2014 and 2015 among men. Absolute and relative inequality by income decreased between 2008 and 2016 in women aged 30-59, except between 2014 and 2015. Conclusions: The recent anti-smoking policies in Korea resulted in a downward trend in smoking prevalence among men, but not in relative inequality, throughout the study period. Absolute inequality decreased over the study period among men aged 30-59. A more aggressive tax policy is warranted to further reduce socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in young adults in Korea.
참고문헌 (26)
- GBD 2015 Tobacco Collaborators, "Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015", Lancet, 389(10082), pp.1885~1906 (2017)
- "The health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General" (2014)[URL]
- GBD 2013 Risk Factors Collaborators, "Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013", Lancet, 386(10010), pp.2287~2323 (2015)
- GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators, "Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016", Lancet, 390(10100), pp.1345~1422 (2017)
- Bosdriesz JR, "Socioeconomic inequalities in smoking cessation in 11 European countries from 1987 to 2012", J Epidemiol Community Health, 69(9), pp.886~892 (2015)
- Mackenbach JP, "Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries", N Engl J Med, 358(23), pp.2468~2481 (2008)
- Gregoraci G, "Contribution of smoking to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality: a study of 14 European countries, 1990-2004", Tob Control, 26(3), pp.260~268 (2017)
- Kivimäki M, "Best-practice interventions to reduce socioeconomic inequalities of coronary heart disease mortality in UK : a prospective occupational cohort study", Lancet, 372(9650), pp.1648~1654 (2008)
- Fawcett J, "Cancer is overtaking cardiovascular disease as the main driver of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality : New Zealand(1981-99)", J Epidemiol Community Health, 61(1), pp.59~66 (2007)
- Khang YH, "Explaining age-specific inequalities in mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and ischaemic heart disease among South Korean male public servants: relative and absolute perspectives", Heart, 94(1), pp.75~82 (2008)
- Brown T, "Equity impact of interventions and policies to reduce smoking in youth: systematic review", Tob Control, 23(e2), pp.e98~e105 (2014)
- Brown T, "Equity impact of population-level interventions and policies to reduce smoking in adults : a systematic review", Drug Alcohol Depend, 138, pp.7~16 (2014)
- Hill S, "Impact of tobacco control interventions on socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: review of the evidence", Tob Control, 23(e2), pp.e89~e97 (2014)
- Pförtner TK, "Socioeconomic inequalities in the impact of tobacco control policies on adolescent smoking. A multilevel study in 29 European countries", Addict Behav, 53, pp.58~66 (2016)
- Cho HJ, "Trends in socio-economic differentials in cigarette smoking behaviour between 1990 and 1998 : a large prospective study in Korean men", Public Health, 118(8), pp.553~558 (2004)
- Khang YH, "Socioeconomic inequality in cigarette smoking: trends by gender, age, and socioeconomic position in South Korea, 1989-2003", Prev Med, 42(6), pp.415~422 (2006)
- Khang YH, "The impact of governmental antismoking policy on socioeconomic disparities in cigarette smoking in South Korea", Nicotine Tob Res, 11(3), pp.262~269 (2009)
- Increase in cigarette taxation and use of national health promotion fund, "Kim Y", Ministry of Health and Welfare, 90~120 (2003)
- Cho KS, "FCTC and tobacco control policy in Korea", Health Welf Policy Forum, 116, pp.7~23 (2006)
- Chang Y., "Trends in socioeconomic inequality in cigarette smoking prevalence according to recent anti-smoking policies in South Korea: use of three national surveys", pp.2018
- Mackenbach JP, "Measuring the magnitude of socio-economic inequalities in health : an overview of available measures illustrated with two examples from Europe", Soc Sci Med, 44(6), pp.757~771 (1997)
- Harper S, "Methods in social epidemiology", pp.134~168 (2006), Jossey-Bass
- Harper S, "Implicit value judgments in the measurement of health inequalities", Milbank Q, 88(1), pp.4~29 (2010)
- "GDP per capita and productivity levels" (2017)[URL]
- Jung-Choi KH, "Hidden female smokers in Asia : a comparison of self-reported with cotinine-verified smoking prevalence rates in representative national data from an Asian population", Tob Control, 21(6), pp.536~542 (2012)
- Brown J, "Prevalence and characteristics of e-cigarette users in Great Britain : findings from a general population survey of smokers", Addict Behav, 39(6), pp.1120~1125 (2014)