창업활동이 성장의도를 매개로 창업결과 만족에 미치는 영향 - 한･중 중소기업창업가의 특성비교를 중심으로 -
The Effects of the Entrepreneurial Activities on Entrepreneurial Outcome Satisfaction Mediated by the Growth Intentions - Focused of the Characteristics between Korean and Chinese Entrepreneurs -
0
조회
0
다운로드
6
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
There have been several efforts made to emphasize the assessment of individual behavior’s desirability, the expectancies of their outcomes and the expectancies themselves in entrepreneurial processes of new enterprises(Carter et al., 2003; Linda F. Edelman, et al.,2010). Based upon this expectancy theory, previous studies have developed the ‘process-oriented approach intended to analyze the processes of entrepreneurial activities’. This study aims to analyze empirically what are differences in the entrepreneurial activities,growth intentions and entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction in entrepreneurial processes of new enterprises between Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs in South Korea and China where different cultural and economic growth phases have been seen. For the purpose, a questionnaire survey was carried out with 379 Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs as respondents. Structural equation modeling was employed for empirical analyses, and the results are as follows. Found in this study, differences and similarities in the characteristics of entrepreneurs between Korean entrepreneurs and Chinese entrepreneurs are summarized as follows: first,there was significant difference in the effects of entrepreneurial activities on entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction between the two groups in the light that the research hypothesis of the path to finance success and roles in entrepreneurial activities among Chinese entrepreneurs was rejected.; second, there was no significant difference in the effects of entrepreneurial activities on growth intentions between the two groups, as significantly positive(+) effects were seen in both the group; third, there was no significant difference in the effects of growth intentions on entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction between Korean entrepreneur group and Chinese entrepreneur group, as the hypothesis of the path to independence and acknowledgement for growth intentions was rejected in both the groups.; and, finally, there were some differences between the two groups in the roles of variables mediating between the entrepreneurial activities of growth intentions and the entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction because different mediating effects were observed by sub-factors. The results of this study are considered meaningful in clarifying the entrepreneurial process characteristics of Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs in the manner of applying Expectancy theory of the process-oriented approaches. Specifically, it was expected that there would be statistically significant differences in entrepreneurial characteristics between Korean entrepreneur group and Chinese entrepreneur group owing to noticeable differences in their cultural or economic settings, and an empirical analysis of entrepreneurs engaging actually in the industries also shows that there are significant differences between the two groups in the path to finance success and roles in entrepreneurial activities and even the effects of entrepreneurial activities on entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction by the medium of growth intentions. Therefore, the results above suggest that it is required to choose carefully appropriate political supports by venture/entrepreneurship fostering organizations according to different characteristics of entrepreneurs in Korea and China.
Abstract
There have been several efforts made to emphasize the assessment of individual behavior’s desirability, the expectancies of their outcomes and the expectancies themselves in entrepreneurial processes of new enterprises(Carter et al., 2003; Linda F. Edelman, et al.,2010). Based upon this expectancy theory, previous studies have developed the ‘process-oriented approach intended to analyze the processes of entrepreneurial activities’. This study aims to analyze empirically what are differences in the entrepreneurial activities,growth intentions and entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction in entrepreneurial processes of new enterprises between Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs in South Korea and China where different cultural and economic growth phases have been seen. For the purpose, a questionnaire survey was carried out with 379 Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs as respondents. Structural equation modeling was employed for empirical analyses, and the results are as follows. Found in this study, differences and similarities in the characteristics of entrepreneurs between Korean entrepreneurs and Chinese entrepreneurs are summarized as follows: first,there was significant difference in the effects of entrepreneurial activities on entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction between the two groups in the light that the research hypothesis of the path to finance success and roles in entrepreneurial activities among Chinese entrepreneurs was rejected.; second, there was no significant difference in the effects of entrepreneurial activities on growth intentions between the two groups, as significantly positive(+) effects were seen in both the group; third, there was no significant difference in the effects of growth intentions on entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction between Korean entrepreneur group and Chinese entrepreneur group, as the hypothesis of the path to independence and acknowledgement for growth intentions was rejected in both the groups.; and, finally, there were some differences between the two groups in the roles of variables mediating between the entrepreneurial activities of growth intentions and the entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction because different mediating effects were observed by sub-factors. The results of this study are considered meaningful in clarifying the entrepreneurial process characteristics of Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs in the manner of applying Expectancy theory of the process-oriented approaches. Specifically, it was expected that there would be statistically significant differences in entrepreneurial characteristics between Korean entrepreneur group and Chinese entrepreneur group owing to noticeable differences in their cultural or economic settings, and an empirical analysis of entrepreneurs engaging actually in the industries also shows that there are significant differences between the two groups in the path to finance success and roles in entrepreneurial activities and even the effects of entrepreneurial activities on entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction by the medium of growth intentions. Therefore, the results above suggest that it is required to choose carefully appropriate political supports by venture/entrepreneurship fostering organizations according to different characteristics of entrepreneurs in Korea and China.
참고문헌 (47)
- 박동수, "벤처기업의 기업가정신이 성장의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 탐색적 연구", 대한경영학회지, 20(6), pp.2979~3011 (2007), 대한경영학회
- 배정훈, "경영 및 인간관리 노하우 동기부여론" (2007), 형설출판사
- 이학식, "구조방정식 모형분석과 AMOS 16" (2011), 법문사
- 전순영, "중소기업의 경영혁신인프라와 인적자원관리 개별활동이 경영성과에 미치는 영향", 한국산학기술학회논문지, 12(11), pp.4888~4894 (2011), 한국산학기술학회
- 정대용, "기업가적 기대가 창업활동을 매개로 창업결과만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 한국창업학회지, 6(3), pp.119~141 (2011), 한국창업학회
- 한덕웅, "조직행동의 동기이론" (1993), 법문사
- Ajzen, I., "Attitudes, Traits, and Actions: Dispositional Prediction of Edelman et al. 191 Behavior in Social Psychology", Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 20, pp.1~63 (1987)
- Ajzen, I., "The Theory of Planned Behavior", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, pp.179~211 (1991)
- Allen. R. K., "Launching New Ventures" (2003), Houghton Mifflin Co
- Baumol, W., "Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory", American Economic Review Paper and Proceedings, 58, pp.64~71 (1968)
- 이유재, "On the evaluation of structural equation models", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 16(1), 16(1), pp.74~94, Springer New York
- Begley, T. M., "Psychological Characteristics Associated with Performance in Entrepreneurial Firms and Smaller Businesses", Journal of Business Venturing, 2, pp.79~93 (1987)
- Bellu, R. R., "Predicting Business Success from Task Motivation and Attributional Style: A Longitudinal Study", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, pp.349~363 (1995)
- Birley, S., "A Taxonomy of Business Start-up Reasons and Their Impact on Firm Growth and Size", Journal of Business Venturing, 9, pp.7~31 (1994)
- Brush, C. G., "Building Ventures through Civic Capitalism", The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 613(1), pp.155~177 (2007)
- Campbell, J. P., "Expectancy Theory, In Classics of Organizational Behavior", pp.107~114 (1978), Moore
- Carter, N., "Career Reasons, In Entrepreneurial Dynamics: The Process of Business Creation", pp.142~152 (2004), Sage
- Carter, N., "The Career Reasons of Nascent Entrepreneurs", Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), pp.13~39 (2003)
- Davidsson, P., "Determinants of the Prevalence of Start-ups and High-Growth Firms", Small Business Economics, 19(2), pp.81~104 (2002)
- Delmar, F., "Arriving at the High-Growth Firm", Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2), pp.189~216 (2003)
- Douglas, E., "Entrepreneurship as a Utility Maximizing Response", Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), pp.393~410 (2000)
- Eisenhardt, K. M., "Organizational Growth : Linking Founding Team, Strategy, Environment, and Growth among U.S. Semiconductor Ventures, 1978-1988", Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, pp.504~529 (1990)
- Fishbein, M., "Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An introduction to Theory and Research, Reading" (1975), Addison-Wesley
- Gatewood, E., "The Expectancies in Public Sector Venture Assistance", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17, pp.91~95 (1993)
- Gatewood, E., "Entrepreneurial Expectancies, In Entrepreneurial Dynamics: The Process of Business Creation", pp.153~162 (2004), Sage
- Ginn, C., "Growth: A Vocation Choice and Psychological Preference, In Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research", pp.612~625 (1989), Babson College
- Kamil M. K., "Growth Plans of Small Businesses in Turkey: Individual and Environmental Influences", Journal of Small Business Management, 44 (2006)
- Kolvereid, L., "Growth Intentions and Actual Growth: The Impact of Entrepreneurial Choice", Journal of Enterprising Culture, 4(1), pp.1~17 (1996)
- Krueger, N. F., "Competing models of Entrepreneurial Intentions", Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), pp.411~432 (2000)
- Edelman, L. F., "Start-up Motivations and Growth Intentions of Minority Nascent Entrepreneur", Journal of Small Business Management, 48(2), pp.174~196 (2010)
- Edelman, L., "The Impact of Environment and Entrepreneurial Perceptions on Venture-Creation Efforts", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20(1), pp.5~28 (2010)
- Locke, E. A., "Work Motivation and Satisfaction: Light at the End of the Tunnel", Psychological Science, 1(4), pp.240~246 (1990)
- McClelland, D. C., "The Achieving Society" (1961), Van Nostrand
- Miller, D., "Strategy, Structure, CEO Personality and Performance in Small Firms", American Journal of Small Business, 10(3), pp.47~62 (1986)
- Naffziger, D., "A Proposed Research Model of Entrepreneurial Motivation", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3), pp.29~42 (1994)
- Nunnally, J. C., "Psychometric Theory" (1978), Mcgraw-Hill
- Shane, S., "Entrepreneurial Motivation", Human Resource Management Review, 13, pp.257~279 (2003)
- Sexton, D. L., "Entrepreneurship : Creativity and Growth" (1991), Macmillan
- Scheinberg, S., "An 11-Country Study of Motivations to Start a Business, In Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research", pp.669~687 (1988), Babson College
- Shane, S., "Entrepreneurial Motivation", Human Resource Management Review, 13, pp.257~279 (2003)
- Shane, S., "A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-Opportunity Nexus" (2005), Edward F. Elgar
- Shapero A., "Social Dimensions of Entrepreneurship, In The Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship", pp.72~90 (1982), Englewood Cliffs
- Smith, N. R., "Motivational Considerations in the Success of Technologically Innovative Entrepreneurs", Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, 488~495 (1984)
- Townsend, L., "To Start or not to Start: Outcome and Ability Expectations in the Decision to Start a New Venture", Journal of Business Venturing, 25, pp.192~202 (2010)
- Vroom, V. H., "Work and Motivation" (1964), Wiley
- Wiklund, J., "Expected Consequences of Growth and Their Effect on Growth Willingness in Different Samples of Small Firms, In Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Researc" (1997), Babson College
- Wiklund, J., "Aspiring for, and Achieving Growth: The Moderating Role of Resources and Opportunities", Journal of Management Studies, 40(8), pp.1919~1941 (2003)