President George W. Bush’s Legacy on the Israeli-Palestinian “Peace Process”
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Following the events of September 11, President George W. Bush shifted his approach in support of further involvement in Middle Eastern affairs. He delivered, on June 24, 2002, a speech in support of the creation of “a peaceful and democratic” Palestinian state alongside Israel. Bush specifically asked the Palestinians to reform the Palestinian Authority, dismantle their militant groups and elect a new leader. Bush also backed the Quartet’s Road Map formula (sponsored by the U.N., the E.U., and Russia) for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Although Bush’s vision and the Road Map plan marked a new shift in U.S. policy on the Palestinian issue, both failed to exercise leverage upon Israel to withdraw from the Palestinian territories. They failed to provide details concerning the final status issues, including the future of Jerusalem, the refugees, Jewish settlements, statehood and borders, which served to satisfy Israel’s objection to packaged deals that may entail pressures for withdrawal from the Palestinian territories. While exploring factors, events and forces that may have motivated Bush’s plans for the region, this article will underline the main themes of his two states idea and those of the Road Map’s formula. It also examines signs of inconsistencies and fluctuations in Bush’s policies towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, along with comparing Bush’s rhetoric on the Palestinian state to the actual realities on the ground. This article seeks a historically grounded critical understanding of U.S. policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in general and the Bush Administration’s conception of the two states solution in particular. It also reflects slightly on signs of continuities and/or changes experienced during Barak Obama’s presidency with regard to the Middle East region.
Abstract
Following the events of September 11, President George W. Bush shifted his approach in support of further involvement in Middle Eastern affairs. He delivered, on June 24, 2002, a speech in support of the creation of “a peaceful and democratic” Palestinian state alongside Israel. Bush specifically asked the Palestinians to reform the Palestinian Authority, dismantle their militant groups and elect a new leader. Bush also backed the Quartet’s Road Map formula (sponsored by the U.N., the E.U., and Russia) for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Although Bush’s vision and the Road Map plan marked a new shift in U.S. policy on the Palestinian issue, both failed to exercise leverage upon Israel to withdraw from the Palestinian territories. They failed to provide details concerning the final status issues, including the future of Jerusalem, the refugees, Jewish settlements, statehood and borders, which served to satisfy Israel’s objection to packaged deals that may entail pressures for withdrawal from the Palestinian territories. While exploring factors, events and forces that may have motivated Bush’s plans for the region, this article will underline the main themes of his two states idea and those of the Road Map’s formula. It also examines signs of inconsistencies and fluctuations in Bush’s policies towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, along with comparing Bush’s rhetoric on the Palestinian state to the actual realities on the ground. This article seeks a historically grounded critical understanding of U.S. policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in general and the Bush Administration’s conception of the two states solution in particular. It also reflects slightly on signs of continuities and/or changes experienced during Barak Obama’s presidency with regard to the Middle East region.
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