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Long working hours and risk of hypothyroidism in healthy workers: a cohort study

김형렬|Lee Yesung|Lee Woncheol
한국역학회 (Korean Society of Epidemiology)|2022.01|Epidemiology and Health|제44권 |pp. 1-10|DOI 10.4178/epih.e2022104

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키워드

Cohort studiesLongitudinal studiesThyroidHypothyroidismOverworkLong working hours

초록

OBJECTIVES: Long working hours have been reported to cause various health problems. However, long working hours are currently practiced in many countries. To confirm the consistency with a previous study, the authors aimed to elucidate the causal relationship between long working hours and hypothyroidism through a longitudinal study. METHODS: Data was collected at baseline from 45,259 participants without thyroid disease and with no change in groups of weekly working hours, which were categorized into 36–40, 41–52, 53–60, and > 60 hours, during follow-up period. Hypothyroidism was defined using the reference limits of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine levels. By estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, the risk of incident hypothyroidism was evaluated with weekly working 36–40 hours as the reference. RESULTS: During 138,261.7 person-years of follow-up, 2,914 participants developed hypothyroidism (incidence density, 2.11 per 102 person-years). Multivariable-adjusted HRs of incident hypothyroidism for weekly working 41–52, 53–60, and > 60 hours compared with the reference group were 1.13 (95% CI 1.03–1.24), 2.53 (95% CI, 2.17–2.95), and 2.57 (95% CI, 2.09– 3.15), respectively. In dose-response analyses, long working hours had an approximately linear relationship with the incidence of hypothyroidism. The risk of incident hypothyroidism in weekly working 53–60 and > 60 hours compared with the reference group were significantly higher among the older age group (≥ 36 years, stratified by median age), men, and daytime workers. CONCLUSIONS: This large-scale cohort study demonstrated the association between long working hours and the increased risk of incident hypothyroidism with a dose-response relationship.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Long working hours have been reported to cause various health problems. However, long working hours are currently practiced in many countries. To confirm the consistency with a previous study, the authors aimed to elucidate the causal relationship between long working hours and hypothyroidism through a longitudinal study. METHODS: Data was collected at baseline from 45,259 participants without thyroid disease and with no change in groups of weekly working hours, which were categorized into 36–40, 41–52, 53–60, and > 60 hours, during follow-up period. Hypothyroidism was defined using the reference limits of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine levels. By estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, the risk of incident hypothyroidism was evaluated with weekly working 36–40 hours as the reference. RESULTS: During 138,261.7 person-years of follow-up, 2,914 participants developed hypothyroidism (incidence density, 2.11 per 102 person-years). Multivariable-adjusted HRs of incident hypothyroidism for weekly working 41–52, 53–60, and > 60 hours compared with the reference group were 1.13 (95% CI 1.03–1.24), 2.53 (95% CI, 2.17–2.95), and 2.57 (95% CI, 2.09– 3.15), respectively. In dose-response analyses, long working hours had an approximately linear relationship with the incidence of hypothyroidism. The risk of incident hypothyroidism in weekly working 53–60 and > 60 hours compared with the reference group were significantly higher among the older age group (≥ 36 years, stratified by median age), men, and daytime workers. CONCLUSIONS: This large-scale cohort study demonstrated the association between long working hours and the increased risk of incident hypothyroidism with a dose-response relationship.

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