Changes in eating behaviors according to household income in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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OBJECTIVES: To assess the social inequalities in changes of dietary behaviors among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, we compared changes in dietary behavior indicators by household income. METHODS: Using cross-sectional data from the 2019 and 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of dietary behaviors in adolescents (12-18 years old) was estimated and changes in dietary behaviors before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated. We assessed changes in dietary behaviors with a household income (as a measure of socioeconomic status [SES]) disparity. RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, average consumption of vegetables has decreased and food insecurity has worsened. Adolescents were more likely to skip breakfast than before COVID-19 (33.1 % and 37.4 %). Soft drink consumption also increased in 2020 than in 2019 (7.6 % and 14.8 %), especially among boys. Average sugar intake and sodium intake showed a tendency to decrease only in girls, but there was no difference according to SES level. Skip breakfast was particularly evident in the low SES group, and the difference according to household income level (high vs. low) was greater after COVID-19 than before. The prevalence of soft drink consumption increased significantly in low SES group, but the rate of increase did not differ by SES level. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the social disparity in skipping breakfast was further aggravated. For a better understanding of the dietary behaviors of adolescents, continuous monitoring is necessary.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the social inequalities in changes of dietary behaviors among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, we compared changes in dietary behavior indicators by household income. METHODS: Using cross-sectional data from the 2019 and 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of dietary behaviors in adolescents (12-18 years old) was estimated and changes in dietary behaviors before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated. We assessed changes in dietary behaviors with a household income (as a measure of socioeconomic status [SES]) disparity. RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, average consumption of vegetables has decreased and food insecurity has worsened. Adolescents were more likely to skip breakfast than before COVID-19 (33.1 % and 37.4 %). Soft drink consumption also increased in 2020 than in 2019 (7.6 % and 14.8 %), especially among boys. Average sugar intake and sodium intake showed a tendency to decrease only in girls, but there was no difference according to SES level. Skip breakfast was particularly evident in the low SES group, and the difference according to household income level (high vs. low) was greater after COVID-19 than before. The prevalence of soft drink consumption increased significantly in low SES group, but the rate of increase did not differ by SES level. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the social disparity in skipping breakfast was further aggravated. For a better understanding of the dietary behaviors of adolescents, continuous monitoring is necessary.
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