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Maya and Korea Pig Head Rituals: A Divergence from Eliade

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The terms shaman, shamanism, shamanic, shamanist, and shamanistic are often assumed to be universal human concepts, based on the theory of an archaic worldwide religion. Mircea Eliade is credited with originating most of the assumptions regarding shamans. Eliade’s fixation on shamans was a product of his notions on what he deemed to be universally sacred space, sacred time, sacred symbols, sacred myths, and sacredness, whereupon, according to him, all human actions concentrate on seeking the religious. Here I focus on two cross-culturally distinct practices dealing with pig head rituals. Within this cross-cultural analysis, I demonstrate why Korean offerings of pig heads are shamanistic and why the Maya example is not.

Abstract

The terms shaman, shamanism, shamanic, shamanist, and shamanistic are often assumed to be universal human concepts, based on the theory of an archaic worldwide religion. Mircea Eliade is credited with originating most of the assumptions regarding shamans. Eliade’s fixation on shamans was a product of his notions on what he deemed to be universally sacred space, sacred time, sacred symbols, sacred myths, and sacredness, whereupon, according to him, all human actions concentrate on seeking the religious. Here I focus on two cross-culturally distinct practices dealing with pig head rituals. Within this cross-cultural analysis, I demonstrate why Korean offerings of pig heads are shamanistic and why the Maya example is not.

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