적치댐 유실 예방 관점에서 본 광물찌꺼기 특성
Mine Tailings Characteristics with a View of Prevention of Tailings Dam Failure
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참고문헌
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초록
광업활동에 의해 발생하는 광물찌꺼기는 잔골재보다 작은 실트질 토질 특성을 가진다. 폐광지역 금속 광산 광물찌꺼기는 방치되어 중금속 용출로 주변 수계나 토양의 오염원으로작용한다. 광물찌꺼기는 경제성이 적어서 광 산주변 유휴부지에 댐을 쌓아 적치하며, 침출수발생 최소화를 위한 상부복토 등 차폐층을 광물찌꺼기 적치장 상부에 설치하는 것이 일반적이다. 대다수 광물찌꺼기 적치댐은 상류(upstream)형이며 이는 지진, 집중호우에 취약해서 적 치댐 유실사고를 예방하기 위한 지속적 관리가 필요하다. 적치댐의 유실을 예방하기 위해서 침출수량, 적치장 및 댐내 지하수위, 댐내 간극수압, 댐내 수직 및 수평 움직임등 계측시설 설치로 정량적 데이터를 확보하고 유실관련 지표개 발을 위한 데이터 분석을수행한다. 국부적 사면계측, 침하분석, 변형분석 등을 위한 계측기술은 엄격한 사전 및 사후 조치가 필요하며, 적치댐 사후관리 활성화를 위한 다양한 기술이 접목될 필요성이 절실하다.
Abstract
Tailings wasted in mine activity, has smaller silty size than fine aggregates. When tailings included heavy metals exposed to the atmosphere, they act as contamination source of soil and streams in the area surrounding mine. worthless tailings are stacked in tailings facility built on idle land near mine and covered by liner and top soil layers. The type of most of tailings dams in domestic mines is upstream dam. Unfortunately, as upstream dam is vulnerable to earthquakes and heavy rain, it should be managed continuously to prevent tailings loss. To prevent dam failure, measurement system such as leachate rate, water level, pore pressure and vertical or horizontal movement should be installed to secure quantitative data and analyzed data to develop indicator related dam failure. However, these measurement technologies related to analysis on local slope, subsidence, strain are quite expensive so that new technologies in various field should be actively incorporated to activate tailings facilities monitoring.
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