폐금속광산 광물찌꺼기의 시멘트 고화체의 특성 연구
A Study on the Characteristics of Cement-Solidified Abandoned Tailings Specimens
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초록
고형화는 중금속으로 오염된 폐기물 내 무기성분의 확산을 방지하기 위하여 널리 이용되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 고형화 처리에서 가장 흔히 사용되는 결합재인 포틀랜드 시멘트를 사용한 폐금속 광물찌꺼기 고형화물의 장기 내구성과 안정성을 시험하였다. 광물찌꺼기의 시멘트 고화체에 대한 전자현미경(SEM) 관찰과 EDS 분석을 실시하여 침상의 결합물질인 에트린자이트와 육각판상 모양인 모노설페이트, 섬유상인 칼슘 규산염 수화물을 확인하였다. 일축압축강도 측정결과 미국 EPA의 폐기물 매립권고기준인 0.35 MPa을 만족하는 강도값을 나타내었다. 고형화 후 As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn 등의 중금속 용출 시험결과 지정폐기물 유해물질기준 이하의 농도로 검출되었다. 이에 따라 포틀랜드 시멘트를 이용한 고형화처리법을 중금속으로 오염된 폐금속광산 광물찌꺼기를 안정하게 처리하는데 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.
Abstract
Solidification is a process widely applied for the immobilization of inorganic constituents of hazardous wastes, especially for heavy metals. In this study, solidification of mine tailings using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), one of the most common binders for that purpose, was tested for its long-term durability and safety. Microstructures of the cement-solidified mine tailing specimens obtained by electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis showed that acicular ettringite, hexagonally planar monosulfate and fibrous calcium silicate hydrate were crystallized in the solidified specimens. All cement-solidified specimens satisfy the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) requirements (0.35 MPa) for land reclamation solids by US EPA and show remarkably reduced leaching concentrations of heavy metals such as As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn lower than the toxicity criteria of Korean standard leaching test (KSLT). Conclusively solidification using the OPC can be applied to the abandoned tailings in terms of durability and safety.
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