Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hearing Loss Using the Korean Working Conditions Survey
1
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background and Objectives: The hearing loss of workers can occur when they are affected by age, otologic disease, and work-related risks such as noise and chemicals. Based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) in 2010, this research aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of hearing loss and to identify the risk factors affecting its occurrence. Subjects and Methods: The subjects were 10019 employees who completed an interview conducted as part of KWCS in 2010. The prevalence rate of hearing loss according to sex, age, education, income, smoking, drinking, hypertension, industrial type, occupations, employment status, working period, and hazards at the workplace were assessed. The factors that could affect the occurrence of hearing loss were investigated based on a logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence rate of hearing loss was 2.7%. In a logistic multivariate analysis, sex, age, occupations, working period, noise, and exposure to chemicals showed statistically significant correlations to the occurrence of hearing loss. The adjusted odd ratios were as follows: 1.74 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-2.96] for males, 2.11 (95% CI, 1.14-3.89) for those in their 40s, 2.24 (95% CI, 1.19-4.20) for those in their 50s, 2.21 (95% CI, 1.18-4.15) for manage/professional works, 2.73 (95% CI, 1.69-4.41) for manufacturing, 2.07 (95% CI, 1.36-3.15) for those who have worked for more than 20 years, 1.72 (95% CI, 1.14-2.58) for noise exposure, 1.53 (95% CI, 1.02-2.30) for vibration exposure and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.11-2.24) for chemical exposure. Conclusions: The overall occupational and non-occupational risk factors related to employees' hearing loss were reviewed. In addition to the exposure to noise, occupational risks of hearing loss, such as isolated exposure to vibration and chemicals, and combined exposure to noise and these hazards, were identified. Multiple exposure to hazards, along with prolonged noise exposure increased the risk of hearing loss.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The hearing loss of workers can occur when they are affected by age, otologic disease, and work-related risks such as noise and chemicals. Based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) in 2010, this research aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of hearing loss and to identify the risk factors affecting its occurrence. Subjects and Methods: The subjects were 10019 employees who completed an interview conducted as part of KWCS in 2010. The prevalence rate of hearing loss according to sex, age, education, income, smoking, drinking, hypertension, industrial type, occupations, employment status, working period, and hazards at the workplace were assessed. The factors that could affect the occurrence of hearing loss were investigated based on a logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence rate of hearing loss was 2.7%. In a logistic multivariate analysis, sex, age, occupations, working period, noise, and exposure to chemicals showed statistically significant correlations to the occurrence of hearing loss. The adjusted odd ratios were as follows: 1.74 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-2.96] for males, 2.11 (95% CI, 1.14-3.89) for those in their 40s, 2.24 (95% CI, 1.19-4.20) for those in their 50s, 2.21 (95% CI, 1.18-4.15) for manage/professional works, 2.73 (95% CI, 1.69-4.41) for manufacturing, 2.07 (95% CI, 1.36-3.15) for those who have worked for more than 20 years, 1.72 (95% CI, 1.14-2.58) for noise exposure, 1.53 (95% CI, 1.02-2.30) for vibration exposure and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.11-2.24) for chemical exposure. Conclusions: The overall occupational and non-occupational risk factors related to employees' hearing loss were reviewed. In addition to the exposure to noise, occupational risks of hearing loss, such as isolated exposure to vibration and chemicals, and combined exposure to noise and these hazards, were identified. Multiple exposure to hazards, along with prolonged noise exposure increased the risk of hearing loss.
참고문헌 (27)
- Fransen E, "Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI): environmental risk factors and genetic prospects", Exp Gerontol, 38, pp.353~359 (2003)
- 이원진, "Disease Prevalence and Mortality among Agricultural Workers in Korea", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 25, pp.112~118 (2010), 대한의학회
- "Occupational disease in Europe in 2001"[URL]
- "European working conditions survey (EWCS)"[URL]
- Park J, "First Korean Working Conditions Survey: a comparison between South Korea and EU countries", Ind Health, 47, pp.50~54 (2009)
- "Occupational Safety & Healthy Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency", Second Korean Working Conditions Survey, ~ (2010)
- Agrawal Y, "Prevalence of hearing loss and differences by demographic characteristics among US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004", Arch Intern Med, 168, pp.1522~1530 (2008)
- Kim HN, "Incidence of presbycusis of Korean populations in Seoul, Kyunggi and Kangwon provinces", JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE, 15, pp.580~584 (2000)
- Garstecki DC, "Older women and hearing", Am J Audiol, 4, pp.41~46 (1995)
- Lee JH, "The effect of noise exposure and age on the changes of group mean hearing threshold level: annual follow-up studies for seven years.", Korean J Occup Environ Med, 11, pp.137~152 (1999)
- Toppila E, "Age and noise-induced hearing loss", Scand Audiol, 30, pp.236~244 (2001)
- Henderson D, "Individual susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss: an old topic revisited", Ear Hear, 14, pp.152~168 (1993)
- Noorhassim I, "Multiplicative effect of smoking and age on hearing impairment", Am J Otolaryngol, 19, pp.240~243 (1998)
- Upile T, "The acute effects of alcohol on auditory thresholds", BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord, 7, pp.4~ (2007)
- Itoh A, "Smoking and drinking habits as risk factors for hearing loss in the elderly: epidemiological study of subjects undergoing routine health checks in Aichi, Japan", Public Health, 115, pp.192~196 (2001)
- Fransen E, "Occupational noise, smoking, and a high body mass index are risk factors for age-related hearing impairment and moderate alcohol consumption is protective: a European population-based multicenter study", J Assoc Res Otolaryngol, 9, pp.261~276 (2008)
- John U, "Associations of carotid intima-media thickness, tobacco smoking and overweight with hearing disorder in a general population sample", Atherosclerosis, 195, pp.144~149 (2007)
- Rybak LP, "Hearing: the effects of chemicals", Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 106, pp.677~686 (1992)
- Nies E, "Ototoxic substances at the workplace: a brief update", Arh Hig Rada Toksikol, 63, pp.147~152 (2012)
- D’Alonzo BJ, "Ototoxicity: etiology and issues", J Fam Pract, 16, pp.489~494 (1983)
- Sliwinska-Kowalska M, "Hearing loss among workers exposed to moderate concentrations of solvents", Scand J Work Environ Health, 27, pp.335~342 (2001)
- Sliwinska-Kowalska M, "Exacerbation of noise-induced hearing loss by co-exposure to workplace chemicals", Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 19, pp.547~553 (2005)
- Kaimio M, "Whole body infrasonic vibration effects on the cochlea", Environ Res, 3, pp.425~429 (1970)
- Hamernik RP, "Influence of vibration on asymptotic threshold shift produced by impulse noise", Audiology, 20, pp.259~269 (1981)
- Zhu S, "Combined effects of hand-arm vibration and noise on temporary threshold shifts of hearing in healthy subjects", Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 69, pp.433~436 (1997)
- Pinter I, "Hearing loss of forest workers and of tractor operators (interaction of noise with vibration)", Proceeding of the international congress on noise as a public health problem, Arlington, Virginia, pp.315~327 (1973), The USA Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control
- Iki M, "Vibration-induced white finger and auditory susceptibility to noise exposure", Kurume Med J, 37(Suppl), pp.33~44 (1990)