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해저 탄성파 탐사 기술의 현황

Status of Marine Seismic Exploration Technology

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참고문헌

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주제분류자원공학

초록

이 논문에서는 국내외 해저 탄성파 탐사 기술의 현황과 향후 발전 방향을 알아보고자 한다. 해저 탄성파 탐사는 해저 지층구조 파악에 매우 유용한 기술로 해저에 부존하는 석유와 가스 자원을 찾기 위해 크게 발전하였다. 탄성파탐사 기술은 측선을 탐사하는 2차원 탐사에서부터, 일정 지역을 조밀하게 탐사하는 3차원 탐사, 같은 지역을 여러 번탐사하여 시간에 따른 변화를 파악하는 4차원 탐사로 발전하여 측선 단면상의 지층 구조뿐만 아니라 입체적인 지층구조와 변형의 파악이 가능하게 되었다. 한편 석유 ․ 가스와 같은 유체의 부존 특성을 파악하는 속성 분석 또는 다성분탄성파 탐사 기술이 발전하였으며, 특정 주파수 손실을 방지하여 고해상도의 탄성파 영상을 획득할 수 있는 광대역탐사와 음원-수진기 방향에 편중되지 않은 자료를 취득하는 방위각 탐사가 발전하였다. 그리고 PC 클러스터 또는GPU로 구성된 슈퍼 컴퓨터를 이용하여 자료처리 분야에서 겹반사 제거, 심도영역 참반사 보정과 파형역산이 수행되고 있으며, 자료해석 분야에서 컴퓨터를 이용한 다양한 속성 분석 기술이 크게 발전하였다. 또한 정밀한 엔지니어링탐사와 천부의 지질 조사를 위하여 석유탐사 기술을 응용한 천부 고해상 탐사기술이 발전되었다.

Abstract

In this study, we examined the current status and future trends of the Korean and overseas marine seismic exploration technology. The marine seismic exploration technology is particularly useful to understand subsurface structures. It has been widely developed to find oil and gas resources in subsurface layers. The seismic exploration technology has been developed from a two-dimensional line survey to three- and four-dimensional surveys of the same area, several times, to identify changes over time. That approach enables an understanding not only of two-dimensional structures along the survey line but also of three-dimensional structures and deformation. In addition to that, attribute analysis and multicomponent seismic exploration technologies have been developed to identify the physical properties of pore fluids, such as oil and gas, and the broadband survey to obtain high-resolution seismic images to prevent specific frequency loss and the various azimuth acquisitions which do not depend on a particular shooting direction. Moreover, multiple attenuation, depth migration, and full waveform inversion have been performed using a supercomputer composed of PC clusters or GPUs for data processing. Various attribute analysis technologies that use computers were considerably developed for data interpretation. Finally, a high-resolution shallow exploration technology, which uses an oil exploration technology, has been developed for precise engineering exploration and geological shallow water survey.

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