고준위 방사성폐기물 심층처분을 위한 우라늄의 지구미생물학적 거동 연구
A Review of Research on the Geomicrobiological Behavior of Uranium for Deep Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Wastes
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초록
최근 국내 고준위 방사성폐기물 심층처분을 위하여 지질학적 및 암반공학적 접근을 통한 지질환경및 암반 특성 평가 파악 연구가 활발히 수행되고 있다. 그러나 방사성 핵종의 반감기가 길어 처분후 상당히 오랜 기간 생물권으로부터 격리되어야 함을 고려할 때, 처분 이후 장기 운영과정에서 반드시 고려해야 할 사항은 처분용기 부식 등에 따른 핵종의 유출이다. 공학적 방벽을 통과한 핵종이생물권을 오염시킬 위험성을 감소시키기 위해서는 지구화학적 및 지구미생물학적 고려가 반드시수반되어야 한다. 이 논문에서는 지중 환경에서 우라늄의 지구화학적 거동에 미치는 미생물학적영향에 관하여 미생물학적 환원 및 흡착의 이론, 최신 연구 현황, 심층처분이 실행되었을 경우 현장에 적용할 수 있는 기술 가능성 등에 대해 정리하였다. 부지 선정 및 처분장 설치 단계에 핵종의 지구화학적 거동에 미치는 지구미생물학적 영향이 함께 고려되면 처분장의 장기적 안정성이 보다 완전하게 확보될 수 있을 것이라 기대한다
Abstract
Recently, studies on geological environment evaluation and rock characterization using geological and rock engineering approaches have been actively conducted to enable deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive wastes in Korea. However, considering that radionuclides have a long half-life and they must be isolated from the biosphere for a long time, their long-term leakage after disposal must be considered. Geochemical and geomicrobiological studies should be included to reduce the risk of nuclides contaminating the biosphere after passing through engineered barriers. In this paper, we summarize the effects of microbes on the geochemical behavior of uranium, including the theory of microbiological reduction and adsorption; the latest research data in this filed; and the technological possibility of application in radioactive waste disposal. It is expected that the long-term stability of the repository sites may be fully secured when the geomicrobiological effects on the nuclides’ behavior are considered during the site selection and repository construction stages.
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