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압축공기에너지저장: 현황, 분류 그리고 시스템 특성 중심으로

Compressed Air Energy Storage: Status, Classification and Characteristics

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한국자원공학회 (The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers)|2023.02|한국자원공학회지 (Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers)|제60권 제1호|pp. 38-58

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키워드

재생에너지renewable energyESS에너지저장장치압축공기에너지저장ESS믹스계통 안정ESS mixcompressed air energy storage (CAES)grid stability
주제분류자원공학

초록

국내 ESS(에너지저장장치) 산업 발전의 출발점은 2011년 발표된 K-ESS 2020 전략에서 찾을 수 있다. 당시 정부 지원계획은 발전원-송변전-수용가로 구성되는 계통에서의 요구사항을 고려하여 각기능별 강점이 있는 다양한 ESS 기술들을 포함하였으나, 현재 리튬계 이차전지가 시장지배력을 가지고 있다. 그러나 가까운 미래에 재생에너지 중심의 에너지 믹스로 인한 계통 안정성 문제를 해결하기 위해 ESS 믹스를 준비해야 할 시점이 가까워지고 있다. 따라서 ESS 포트폴리오 측면에서 비전지 유형의 ESS인 압축공기에너지저장(CAES, Compressed Air Energy Storage)에 대한 기술적평가가 이루어질 필요가 있다. CAES는 대용량 장주기 에너지 저장을 위해 확립되어 있는 기술이지만, 여전히 진화하고 있는 기술로서 재생에너지로 인한 계통 안정성 현안을 해결할 수 있는 대표적ESS 기술이다. 본 총설에서는 CAES에 대한 기술적 배경, 타임라인, 현황, 시스템 분류 그리고 열역학적 특성을 소개한다.

Abstract

The starting point of the Energy Storage System (ESS) industry in Korea can be found in the K-ESS 2020 strategy announced in 2011. At that time, the strategy laid out government support plans for different ESS technologies, considering the various requirements on the grid. Currently, lithiumbased secondary batteries are dominant in the market. However, in the near future, as the energy mix shifts towards renewable energy sources, a diverse ESS mix will be crucial to maintaining grid stability. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is an established technology that is now being adapted for utility-scale energy storage with a long duration, as a way to solve the grid stability issues with renewable energy. In this review, we introduce the technical timeline, status, classification, and thermodynamic characteristics of CAES.

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