Analysis of Output Levels of an MP3 Player: Effects of Earphone Type, Music Genre, and Listening Duration
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To prevent noise induced hearing losses caused by listening tomusic with personal listening devices for young adults, this study was aimed to measure outputlevels of an MP3 and to identify preferred listening levels (PLLs) depending on earphonetypes, music genres, and listening durations. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-two normalhearing young adults (mean=18.82, standard deviation=0.57) participated. Each participantwas asked to select his or her most PLLs when listened to Korean ballade or dance musicwith an earbud or an over-the-ear earphone for 30 or 60 minutes. One side of earphone wasconnected to the participant’s better ear and the other side was connected to a sound levelmeter via a 2 or 6 cc-couplers. Depending on earphone types, music genres, and listeningdurations, loudness A-weighted equivalent (LAeq) and loudness maximum time-weightedwith A-frequency sound levels in dBA were measured. Results: Neither main nor interactioneffects of the PLLs among the three factors were significant. Overall output levels of earbudswere about 10-12 dBA greater than those of over-the-ear earphones. The PLLs were 1.73 dBAgreater for earbuds than over-the-ear earphones. The average PLL for ballad was higher thanfor dance music. The PLLs at LAeq for both music genres were the greatest at 0.5 kHz followedby 1, 0.25, 2, 4, 0.125, 8 kHz in the order. Conclusions: The PLLs were not differentsignificantly when listening to Korean ballad or dance music as functions of earphone types,music genres, and listening durations. However, over-the-ear earphones seemed to be moresuitable to prevent noise induce hearing loss when listening to music, showing lower PLLs,possibly due to isolation from the background noise by covering ears.
Abstract
To prevent noise induced hearing losses caused by listening tomusic with personal listening devices for young adults, this study was aimed to measure outputlevels of an MP3 and to identify preferred listening levels (PLLs) depending on earphonetypes, music genres, and listening durations. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-two normalhearing young adults (mean=18.82, standard deviation=0.57) participated. Each participantwas asked to select his or her most PLLs when listened to Korean ballade or dance musicwith an earbud or an over-the-ear earphone for 30 or 60 minutes. One side of earphone wasconnected to the participant’s better ear and the other side was connected to a sound levelmeter via a 2 or 6 cc-couplers. Depending on earphone types, music genres, and listeningdurations, loudness A-weighted equivalent (LAeq) and loudness maximum time-weightedwith A-frequency sound levels in dBA were measured. Results: Neither main nor interactioneffects of the PLLs among the three factors were significant. Overall output levels of earbudswere about 10-12 dBA greater than those of over-the-ear earphones. The PLLs were 1.73 dBAgreater for earbuds than over-the-ear earphones. The average PLL for ballad was higher thanfor dance music. The PLLs at LAeq for both music genres were the greatest at 0.5 kHz followedby 1, 0.25, 2, 4, 0.125, 8 kHz in the order. Conclusions: The PLLs were not differentsignificantly when listening to Korean ballad or dance music as functions of earphone types,music genres, and listening durations. However, over-the-ear earphones seemed to be moresuitable to prevent noise induce hearing loss when listening to music, showing lower PLLs,possibly due to isolation from the background noise by covering ears.
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