Can a nanofluid enhance the critical heat flux if the recirculating coolant contains debris?
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In-vessel corium retention (IVR) during external reactor vessel cooling (ERVC) is a key severe accidentmanagement strategy adopted in advanced nuclear power plants. The injection of nanofluids has beenregarded as a means of enhancing CHF when using the IVR-ERVC strategy to safeguard high-powernuclear reactors. However, a critical practical concern is that various types of debris flowing from thecontaminant sump during operation of an ERVC system might degrade CHF enhancement by nanofluids. Our objective here was to experimentally assess the viability of nanofluid use to enhance CHF in practicalERVC contexts (e.g., when fluids contain various types of debris). The types and characteristics of debrisexpected during IVR-ERVC were examined. We performed pool boiling CHF experiments using nanofluids containing these types of debris. Notably, we found that debris did not cause any degradation ofthe CHF enhancement characteristics of nanofluids. The nanoparticles are approximately 1000-foldsmaller than the debris particles; the number of nanoparticles in the same volume fraction is 1billion-fold greater. Nanofluids increase CHF via porous deposition of nanosized particles on the boilingsurface; this is not hindered by extremely large debris particles
Abstract
In-vessel corium retention (IVR) during external reactor vessel cooling (ERVC) is a key severe accidentmanagement strategy adopted in advanced nuclear power plants. The injection of nanofluids has beenregarded as a means of enhancing CHF when using the IVR-ERVC strategy to safeguard high-powernuclear reactors. However, a critical practical concern is that various types of debris flowing from thecontaminant sump during operation of an ERVC system might degrade CHF enhancement by nanofluids. Our objective here was to experimentally assess the viability of nanofluid use to enhance CHF in practicalERVC contexts (e.g., when fluids contain various types of debris). The types and characteristics of debrisexpected during IVR-ERVC were examined. We performed pool boiling CHF experiments using nanofluids containing these types of debris. Notably, we found that debris did not cause any degradation ofthe CHF enhancement characteristics of nanofluids. The nanoparticles are approximately 1000-foldsmaller than the debris particles; the number of nanoparticles in the same volume fraction is 1billion-fold greater. Nanofluids increase CHF via porous deposition of nanosized particles on the boilingsurface; this is not hindered by extremely large debris particles
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