Real-time measurements and modeling of sodium combustion aerosol dynamics in test chamber to improve the evaluation of SFR containment aerosol behaviour
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The initial size distribution and morphological parameters of sodium aerosols are critical in evaluating the accidental suspended aerosol behaviour in Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) containment. Mass-based measurements were more familiar in characterizing the sodium aerosols. Real-time number size distribution measurements are carried out in this study. The sensitivity analysis of sodium aerosol effective density (ρe) in deriving the actual number size distributions from the measured Aerodynamic Particle Size Distributions (APSD) and predicting suspended aerosol dynamics is presented. Tests are conducted in a 1 m3 chamber at 47 ± 3% RH for different initial mass concentrations (M0) of 0.1, 1, and 2.9 g/m3. The initial APSDs measured just after the generation completions are observed to be polydisperse with the count median aerodynamic diameter (CMAD) < 1 μm. The literature reported ρe values of sodium aerosols, 2.27, 1.362, and 0.61 g/cm3 are used to derive mobility equivalent PSDs from APSD in each test. The real-time number concentration decay and size growth for four different PSDs are measured and compared with the estimate using nodal method-based code to ascertain the actual parameters. The validated parameters CMD = 0.66 μm, σg = 1.96, ρe = 1 g/cm3 and χ = 1 are used for improved estimation of sodium aerosol dynamics in Indian SFR containment with M0 = 4 g/m3 for severe accident scenarios.
Abstract
The initial size distribution and morphological parameters of sodium aerosols are critical in evaluating the accidental suspended aerosol behaviour in Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) containment. Mass-based measurements were more familiar in characterizing the sodium aerosols. Real-time number size distribution measurements are carried out in this study. The sensitivity analysis of sodium aerosol effective density (ρe) in deriving the actual number size distributions from the measured Aerodynamic Particle Size Distributions (APSD) and predicting suspended aerosol dynamics is presented. Tests are conducted in a 1 m3 chamber at 47 ± 3% RH for different initial mass concentrations (M0) of 0.1, 1, and 2.9 g/m3. The initial APSDs measured just after the generation completions are observed to be polydisperse with the count median aerodynamic diameter (CMAD) < 1 μm. The literature reported ρe values of sodium aerosols, 2.27, 1.362, and 0.61 g/cm3 are used to derive mobility equivalent PSDs from APSD in each test. The real-time number concentration decay and size growth for four different PSDs are measured and compared with the estimate using nodal method-based code to ascertain the actual parameters. The validated parameters CMD = 0.66 μm, σg = 1.96, ρe = 1 g/cm3 and χ = 1 are used for improved estimation of sodium aerosol dynamics in Indian SFR containment with M0 = 4 g/m3 for severe accident scenarios.
참고문헌 (35)
- L. E. Herranz, "In-containment source term in accident conditions in sodium-cooled fast reactors : data needs and model capabilities", Prog. Nucl. Energy, 54(1), pp.138~149 (2012)
- V. Subramanian, "Experimental study on the behaviour of suspended aerosols of sodium and non-radioactive fission products (SrO2 and CeO2), in a closed vessel", Nucl. Technol, 176, pp.83~92 (2011)
- M. M. R. Williams, "Particle deposition and plugging in tubes and cracks with special reference to fission product retention", Prog. Nucl. Energy, 28(1), pp.1~10 (1994)
- "PFBR - Preliminary Safety Analysis Report (PSAR) of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor", ~ (2010)
- L. D. Reed, "The behaviour of contained radioactive suspensions", Nucl. Sci. Eng, 75(2), pp.167~180 (1980)
- HAARM-3 Code Verification Procedure, "J. A. Geiseke", NUREG, ~, pp.NUREG (1982), CR-3007[DOI]
- Density and Shape Factor of Sodium Aerosol, "W. Hinds", Harvard University, ~, pp.COO-2803-4 (1977)
- Characteristics of Agglomerates of Sodium Oxide Aerosol Particles, "J. A. Jieseke", ~, pp.BMI-NUREG-1977 (1977)
- U. Pujala, "Experimental studies on morphological properties of sodium combustion, fission product, structural material and mixed aerosols in a closed chamber towards fast reactor safety", Ann. Nucl. Energy, 130, pp.319~330 (2019)
- A. Kumar, "Size evolution of sodium combustion aerosol with various RH", Aerosol Air Qual. Res, 15, pp.2270~2276 (2015)
- R. Baskaran, "Sodium aerosol studies for fast reactor safety", Energy Proc, 7, pp.660~665 (2011)
- L. E. Herranz, "In-containment source term predictability of ASTEC-Na : major insights from data-predictions benchmarking", Nucl. Eng. Des, 320, pp.269~281 (2017)
- L. E. Herranz, "Progress in modeling incontainment source term with ASTEC-Na", Ann. Nucl. Energy, 112, pp.84~93 (2018)
- C. Yoon, "Validation of the correlation-based aerosol model in the ISFRA sodium-cooled fast reactor safety analysis code", Nucl. Eng. Technol, 53, pp.3966~3978 (2021)
- S. P. Narayanam, "Theoretical simulation on evolution of suspended sodium combustion aerosols characteristics in a closed chamber", Nucl. Eng. Technol, 54(6), pp.2077~2083 (2022)
- A. W. Harrison, "Quiescent boundary layer thickness in aerosol enclosures under convective diffusion", J. Colloid Interface Sci, 69(3), pp.563~570 (1979)
- U. Pujala, "Effect of morphological properties on the particle size distribution measurements and modelling of porous and nonspherical aerosol behaviour", Prog. Nucl. Energy, 163, pp.104811~ (2023)
- R. Baskaran, "Aerosol test facility for fast reactor safety studies", Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys, 42(12), pp.873~878 (2004)
- V. Subramanian, "Initial size distribution of sodium combustion aerosol", Nucl. Technol, 160(3), pp.308~313 (2007)
- "ELPI®+ user Manuals, Ver. 1.6", Dekati Ltd, ~ (2021)
- A. Jarvinen, "Calibration of new electrical low pressure impactor(ELPI+)", J. Aerosol Sci, 69, pp.150~159 (2014)
- F. X. Ouf, "Charging efficiency of the electrical low pressure impactor’s corona charger : influence of the fractal morphology of nanoparticle aggregates and uncertainty analysis of experimental results", Aerosol Sci. Technol, 43(7), pp.685~698 (2009)
- A. Charvet, "On the importance of density in ELPI data post-treatment", Aerosol Sci. Technol, 49(12), pp.1263~1270 (2015)
- W. C. Hinds, "Aerosol Technology" (1999), John Wiley & Sons, INC
- P. Kulkarni, "Aerosol Measurements - Principles, Techniques and Applications" (2011), John wiley sons & Inc
- A. Prakash, "A simple numerical algorithm and software for solution of nucleation, surface growth, and coagulation problems", Aerosol Sci. Technol, 37(11), pp.892~898 (2003)
- A Simplified Model of Aerosol Removal by Natural Processes in Reactor Containments, "D. A. Powers", Sandia National Laboratories, ~, pp.NUREG (1996), CR-6189[DOI]
- U. Pujala, "Charging and dynamics of polystyrene latex aerosols under bipolar and unipolar ion field –ELPI measurements and comparision with charging theories", J. Electrost, 117, pp.103713~ (2022)
- R. Anantha Narayanan, "Experimental investigations on carbonation of sodium aerosol generated from sodium fire in the context of fast Reactor Safety", Ann. Nucl. Energy, 80, pp.188~194 (2015)
- R. K. Hilliard, "Aerosol Behaviour during Sodium Pool Fires in a Large Vessel – CSTF Tests AB1 and AB2", HEDL-TME-79-28, ~ (1979)
- Determination of Sodium Fire Aerosol Process Coefficients from FAUNA Experiments, "W. Cherdron", NEA, 129~138, pp.NUREG (1980), CR-1724, ORNL[DOI]
- A. R. Sundararajan, "Effect of relative humidity on growth of sodium oxide aerosols", J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. (Tokyo, Jpn.), 19(2), pp.151~157 (1982)
- S. E. Pratsinis, "Simultaneous nucleation, condensation, and coagulation in aerosol reactors", J. Colloid Interface Sci, 124(2), pp.416~427 (1988)
- P. Chellapandi Baldevraj, "Sodium Cooled Reactors with Closed Fuel Cycle" (2015), Taylor and Francis group
- P. R. Patel, "Study of the impact of decay heat on the incontainment temperature and pressure evolution following a hypothetical severe accident in a SFR", Ann. Nucl. Energy, 138, pp.107189~ (2020)