Al–B4C-(Gd, Gd2O3) composite materials: Synthesis and characterization for neutron shielding applications
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
In this study, Al–20%B4C-x%Gd and Al–20%B4C-x%Gd2O3 (x = 1, 3, 5) composite powders were prepared using a high-energy planetary ball milling method to enhance the physical properties of Al–B4C neutron shielding composites. The prepared powders were subjected to uniaxial cold compaction at 500 MPa, resulting in cylindrical specimens. Subsequently, the specimens were sintered in a tube furnace at 600 ◦C for 1 h under an Ar atmosphere to prevent oxidation. The microstructure of the resulting composites was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Archimedes density, hardness, and corrosion tests were performed on the compacted samples. Moreover, the composite’s thermal and fast neutron absorption rates were calculated using the MCNP6.2 simulation code. The neutron equivalent dose rate was experimentally determined using the Am–Be neutron source. The simulation results demonstrated that the composite materials containing Gd exhibited the highest thermal neutron absorption rate, while those containing Gd2O3 demonstrated the highest fast neutron absorption rate. This research contributes valuable insights into the design and utilization of neutron-absorbing materials with suitable mechanical properties.
Abstract
In this study, Al–20%B4C-x%Gd and Al–20%B4C-x%Gd2O3 (x = 1, 3, 5) composite powders were prepared using a high-energy planetary ball milling method to enhance the physical properties of Al–B4C neutron shielding composites. The prepared powders were subjected to uniaxial cold compaction at 500 MPa, resulting in cylindrical specimens. Subsequently, the specimens were sintered in a tube furnace at 600 ◦C for 1 h under an Ar atmosphere to prevent oxidation. The microstructure of the resulting composites was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Archimedes density, hardness, and corrosion tests were performed on the compacted samples. Moreover, the composite’s thermal and fast neutron absorption rates were calculated using the MCNP6.2 simulation code. The neutron equivalent dose rate was experimentally determined using the Am–Be neutron source. The simulation results demonstrated that the composite materials containing Gd exhibited the highest thermal neutron absorption rate, while those containing Gd2O3 demonstrated the highest fast neutron absorption rate. This research contributes valuable insights into the design and utilization of neutron-absorbing materials with suitable mechanical properties.
참고문헌 (42)
- E. G. Aydın, "Equilibrium and pre-equilibrium calculations of neutron production in medium-heavy targets irradiated by protons up to 100 MeV", Ann. Nucl. Energy, 35, pp.2306~2312 (2008)[DOI]
- M. M. Castellanos, "Investigating structure and dynamics of proteins in amorphous phases using neutron scattering", Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J, 15, pp.117~130 (2017)[DOI]
- A. Lombardi, "Transient analysis of residual strain during heat treatment of multi-material engine blocks using insitu neutron diffraction", Mater. Lett, 157, pp.50~52 (2015)[DOI]
- F. Mireles, "Mexico by instrumental neutron activation analysis", Microchem. J, 103, pp.158~164 (2012)[DOI]
- T. Ors, "Neutron diffraction measurements of residual stress distribution in large zirconia based refractory bricks produced by electro-fusion and casting", J. Eur. Ceram. Soc, 37, pp.2295~2302 (2017)[DOI]
- T. Seymour, "Evolution of dislocation structure in neutron irradiated Zircaloy-2 studied by synchrotron x-ray diffraction peak profile analysis", Acta Mater, 126, pp.102~113 (2017)[DOI]
- F. Tang, "Dry sliding friction and wear properties of B4C particulate-reinforced Al-5083 matrix composites", Wear, 264, pp.555~561 (2008)[DOI]
- M. Alizadeh, "Strengthening mechanisms in particulate Al", B4C composites produced by repeated roll bonding process, 2011, pp.509, 2243~2247
- M. Khakbiz, "Synthesis and structural characterization of Al-B4C nanocomposite powders by mechanical alloying", J. Alloys Compd, 479, pp.334~341 (2009)[DOI]
- A. Yazdani, "Evolution of reinforcement distribution in Al-B4C composites during accumulative roll bonding", Mater. Des, 32, pp.3137~3142 (2011)[DOI]
- Y. Gaylan, "Effect of the B4C content on microstructure, microhardness, corrosion, and neutron shielding properties of Al–B4C composites", Ceram. Int, 49, pp.5479~5488 (2023)[DOI]
- R. G. Abrefah, "Comparison of the effects of cadmium-shielded and boron carbideshielded irradiation channel of the Ghana Research Reactor-1", Nucl. Eng. Des, 241, pp.3017~3020 (2011)[DOI]
- S. Wan, "155", 157Gd areal density: a model for design and fabrication of Gd2O3, Vacuum, pp.2020, 176[DOI]
- R. Florez, "Preparation and characterization of Portland cement pastes with Sm2O3 microparticle additions for neutron shielding applications", Construct. Build. Mater, 191, pp.498~506 (2018)[DOI]
- Z. G. Xu, "The design of a novel neutron shielding B4C", Al composite containing Gd, 2016, pp.111, 375~381
- L. T. Jiang, "The design of novel neutron shielding(Gd+B4C)", 6061Al composites and its properties after hot rolling, 2019, pp.168, 183~194
- H. S. Chen, "The design, microstructure and tensile properties of B4C particulate reinforced 6061Al neutron absorber composites", J. Alloys Compd, 632, pp.23~29 (2015)[DOI]
- H. S. Chen, "The design, microstructure and mechanical properties of B4C", 6061Al neutron absorber composites fabricated by SPS, 2016, pp.94, 360~367
- P. Zhang, "The design, fabrication and properties of B4C", Al neutron absorbers, 2013, pp.437, 350~358
- Y. Li, "10B areal density : a novel approach for design and fabrication of B4C", 6061Al neutron absorbing materials, 2017, pp.487, 238~246
- J. J. Park, "Enhancement in the microstructure and neutron shielding efficiency of sandwich type of 6061Al-B4C composite material via hot isostatic pressing", Nucl. Eng. Des, 282, pp.1~7 (2015)[DOI]
- C. Kursun, "Structure, mechanical, and neutron radiation shielding characteristics of mechanically milled nanostructured (100-x)Al-xGd2O3 metal composites", Ceram. Int (2024)[DOI]
- P. Zhang, "The design, microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel Gd 2 O 3", 6061Al neutron shielding composite, 2019, pp.162, 92~100
- S. Cong, "Microstructure and its effect on mechanical and thermal properties of Al-based Gd2O3 MMCs used as shielding materials in spent fuel storage", Ceram. Int, 46, pp.12986~12995 (2020)[DOI]
- S. Cong, "Ball-milling properties and sintering behavior of Albased Gd2O3–W shielding materials used in spent-fuel storage", Powder Technol, 369, pp.127~136 (2020)[DOI]
- L. Shaw, "Effects of process-control agents on mechanical alloying of nanostructured aluminum alloys" (2003)[DOI]
- "Standard Test Method for Conducting Potentiodynamic Polarization Resistance Measurements"[URL]
- M.C. Team, "MCNP-A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code, vol. I", Overview and Theory X-5 Monte Carlo Team, ~ (2003)
- C. Suryanarayana, "Mechanical alloying and milling", Prog. Mater. Sci, 46, pp.1~184 (2001)[DOI]
- C. Suryanarayana, "Mechanically alloyed nanocomposites", Prog. Mater. Sci, 58, pp.383~502 (2013)
- W. Li, "Activation of aluminum as an effective reducing agent by pitting corrosion for wet-chemical synthesis", Sci. Rep, 3, pp.1229~ (2013)[DOI]
- W.M. Haynes, "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics" (2014), CRC Press
- O. Kahveci, "Cover feature: preparation of 3-D porous pure Al electrode for Al-air battery anode and comparison of its electrochemical performance with a smooth surface electrode (ChemElectroChem 20", 2023), 2023, pp.10, e202300478~
- N. Zidane, "Effect of gadolinium content on the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys in 1 wt. \% NaCl solution", Port. Electrochim. Acta, 33, pp.289~304 (2015)
- B. Zaid, "Effects of pH and chloride concentration on pitting corrosion of AA6061 aluminum alloy", Corrosion Sci, 50, pp.1841~1847 (2008)[DOI]
- M. Ling, "Experimental investigation of the Al-Cr-Gd ternary system at 773 K, J phase equilibria", Diffus, 33, pp.203~209 (2012)[DOI]
- D. H. Hur, "Effect of gadolinium addition on the corrosion behavior and oxide properties of titanium in boric acid solution at 50 ◦C", J. Mater. Res. Technol, 21, pp.3051~3061 (2022)[DOI]
- Z. -D. Qi, "Performance study and optimal design of Gd", 316L neutron absorbing material for Spent Nuclear Fuel transportation and storage, 2023, pp.34, 105342~
- S. -W. Lee, "Preliminary study on FeGd alloys as binary alloys and master alloys for potential spent nuclear fuel(SNF)application", Mater. Des, 194, pp.108906~ (2020)[DOI]
- X. Tong, "Impact of gadolinium on mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of Zn-1Mg-xGd alloys for biodegradable bone-implant applications", Acta Biomater, 142, pp.361~373 (2022)[DOI]
- N. Perez, "Corrosivity and Passivity BT - Electrochemistry and Corrosion Science", pp.199~264 (2016), Springer International Publishing
- Y. Zhu, "Effect of gadolinium trioxide on anode performance of aluminum-air batteries", Ionics (2023)[DOI]