칸딘스키 미술에서 정신의 종교적 의미와 그 재현의 미학
The Aesthetic of the Spirit as a Religious Concept in Kandinsky’s Art
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초록
본 논문은 과거의 ‘신’의 자리를 대신하여 모든 존재의 근원이자 초월적 실체로 표상되었던 ‘정신’의 표현양식으로서의 칸딘스키의 추상화의 의미를 짚어보고 그 재현의 메커니즘을 ‘내면의 울림’이라는 개념을 중심으로 하여 살펴보고자 한다. 이어서 이 ‘정신’을 직접적으로 가시화 하는 매체로서 추상미술의 구체적인 양상이 모색되고 실험되는 과정에서 기독교적인 세계관과 그 도상적 전통, 그리고 더 나아가 당시 지식인들 사이에서 큰 관심을 모았던, 합리주의적인 과학과 신비주의적인 종교 사상이 모순적으로 결합된 신지학의 제 요소들이 깊이 연루되어 있음을 살펴보고 이를 통해 현대 미술의 핵심적인 사건으로 평가되는 추상미술의 탄생과정에 내재된 ‘현세적 구원의 신화’를 조명해 보고자 한다.
Abstract
Wassily Kandinsky was one of the pioneer artists, creators of abstract painting. Instead of representing objective world or literary narratives, his painting conveyed the new profound content called spirit. For him, the spirit is more than the subjective emotional experience; it is the root of all existing things, and the transcendental beyond the phenomenal material world. Kandinsky’s art and art theory reflected religious belief, especially the apocalyptic view of history. Kandinsky regarded the history as a struggle between material and spirit, and the materialistic western culture would soon decline and be replaced by the new era of the spirit; at this historical turn, artists should be the prophets of spirit. Thinking that abstract painting is fit to teach people about the spiritual, he had worked on apocalyptic themes such as ‘the last judgement’, ‘flood’ or ‘the resurrection of the saints’ between 1910 and 1913. Kandinsky was influenced much by theosophy, which emphasized the spirit (a kind of vibration of energy) as the essence of world and its transformability into the visual image or musical sound. As a result, there are a number of parallels between the spiritual images of theosophical research, termed ‘thought forms’, and Kandinsky’s abstract painting before the World War I. The birth of abstract painting in the early 20th century was closely related to the new insight at that time; artists wanted to depict the underlying source of all the existing things rather than the mere appearance of material world as an object of sensory perception. This was one of the most significant events in modern art history and Kandinsky’s abstract art provided its early representation. For Kandinsky, who searched for higher cognition and status of being, the exploration of new painting was identical to the pursuit of spirituality, the higher truth of the world.
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