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제조기업의 고객기업 통합과 공급기업 통합이 물류성과에 미치는 영향

The effects of a manufacturer's customer integration and supplier integration on its logistics performance

김효진|이은지|허대식
한국로지스틱스학회 (Korea Logistics Society)|2015.12|로지스틱스연구 (Korean Journal of Logistics)|제23권 제4호|pp. 15-34|DOI 10.15735/kls.2015.23.4.002

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참고문헌

키워드

공급기업 통합supplier integrationsupply chain integrationcomplementarity물류성과상호보완성공급망 통합고객기업 통합조직정보처리이론customer integrationorganizational information processing theorylogistics performance.
주제분류경영학

초록

제품의 수명이 짧아지고 글로벌 경쟁이 격화되면서 기업들은 내부자원에 의존한 경쟁의 한계를 체감하고 있다. 따라서 공급망에 공존하는 파트너 기업들과 긴밀한 정보공유 및 공동의사결정을 통해서 최종소비자 시장에서의 경쟁력 향상을 도모하려는 노력이 강조되고 있다. 선행연구에서는 고객기업과의 긴밀한 정보 공유 및 주요 의사결정의 조율이 제조기업의 성과 향상에 큰 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 주요 원부자재를 공급하는 협력기업들과의 전략적 통합도 제조기업의 물류 성과 향상에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 이런 긍정적인 평가이외에도 공급망 통합의 효과가 유의하지 않거나, 부정적인 영향이 있다고 보고되기도 한다. 이러한 연구결과를 고려하면 제조기업이 공급망의 양방향으로 광범위하게 통합 활동을 진행하는 것이 과연 그 기업의 물류성과 개선에 바람직한 것인가에 대한 의문이 제기된다. 본 연구에서는 조직정보처리이론(organizational information processing theory)에 근거하여 공급망의 하류통합(고객사 통합)과 상류통합(공급기업 통합)은 제조기업이 당면한 불확실성을 감소시킴으로써 물류성과 향상에 기대한다고 주장한다. 또한, 고객기업 통합과 공급기업 통합은 상호보완적 상호작용 효과가 있다고 주장한다. 환언하면, 기업은 조직 내 불확실성을 감소시키고 효과적인 업무 수행을 위해서 공급망 외부 파트너로부터 필요한 정보를 흡수하고 이를 활용하려고 한다. 이때 공급기업 정보와 고객기업 정보는 제조기업의 비용, 납기, 유연성 등의 물류성과를 향상시키는데 각각 상호보완적 성격을 가진다고 본 연구는 주장한다. 본 연구는 아시아와 북미 등 5개 지역에서 1229개 제조기업의 자료를 수집하였으며, 조절회귀분석(moderated regression)을 활용하여 가설을 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 제조기업의 고객기업 통합과 공급기업 통합 활동의 정(正)의 상호작용은 제조기업의 납기, 유연성, 재고비용 성과에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

Ever-decreasing product life cycles and intensifying global market competition have forced firms to rethink a traditional framework of firm-to-firm competition. Following this trend, firms seek their competitive advantage by building partnership with supply chain partners. Prior studies reported that information sharing and coordinated decision with key customers or suppliers help manufacturing firms to improve their logistics performance. Interestingly, other studies also reported that close integration with supply chain partners may not be always beneficial, sometimes even harmful. Therefore, it is an interesting research question to examine whether pursuing customer integration and supplier integration is indeed desirable. Basing upon the organizational information processing theory, we posit that customer integration and supplier integration improve a manufacturing firm’s logistics performance respectively, because such integration activities engender external information processing capabilities for the firm and in turn reduce uncertainties. And this study predicts that customer integration and supplier integration are mutually complementary so that their interaction will further improve logistics performance. To test the research model of the study, we collect data from 1229 manufacturing firms in Korea, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the U.S. Moderated regression is employed to test the hypotheses. Results of the analysis is presented and future research directions are also discussed.

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