조달 및 보관 단계의 탄소배출 비용을 반영한 탄소 확장형 뉴스벤더 모형

Abstract

This study proposes an extended newsvendor model that explicitly integrates carbon emission costs from both procurement and inventory holding processes into a profit-maximization framework. While traditional models focus solely on economic costs, our approach incorporates environmental sustainability by applying linear carbon costs based on unit emission rates and carbon pricing. This model is particularly suited for products with high storage-related emissions, such as vaccines, perishable foods, and biological reagents, which typically require energy-intensive refrigeration and exhibit high selling prices relative to procurement costs. The model analytically derives a closed-form solution for the optimal order quantity under general conditions and conducts sensitivity analysis under normally distributed demand. Results showed that as carbon prices rise, optimal order quantities decline and expected profits decrease. This indicated that classical models may overestimate profits in carbon-intensive settings. These insights are especially relevant for firms operating under carbon tax schemes or internal carbon pricing, helping to guide environmentally responsible inventory decisions. Furthermore, the model preserves analytical transparency while enhancing managerial applicability. By quantifying the impact of environmental costs on inventory strategy, this research contributes both theoretical and practical value toward the development of sustainable supply chains.