택배 전기화물차 도입에 따른 경제성 분석
Economic Analysis of Electric Truck Investment on Parcel Delivery
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In modern society, the use of fossil fuels is a big issue at the center of various environmental problems including global warming. As a measure to reduce air pollution emitted from road transport, replacing existing vehicles with the internal combustion engine with electric vehicles is a typical example. Currently, the replacement of passenger cars is rapid due to the technological development of electric vehicles. However, the replacement of delivery trucks (1 tonne) is relatively slow. Therefore, to improve the atmospheric environment, it is urgent to replace the electric truck in the parcel delivery. Previous studies have focused on deriving improvement plans for technology development or commercialization of electric trucks. The economic analysis of electric trucks is insufficient. In this study, the economical analysis items of electric delivery trucks were set into six categories through previous research and interviews: truck purchase cost, fuel cost, environmental cost, automobile tax, depreciation cost, and insurance cost. The calculation of fuel accounted for the characteristics of the delivery vehicle causing a lot of idling. This study calculated the actual air emissions through the COPERT program used by the European Environment Agency, rather than simply applying the basic unit to the distance to calculate the environmental cost. In the case study, a daily delivery data of an agency of a domestic representative parcel delivery company was used. Based on this, the operating costs of the diesel truck and the electric truck were compared and analyzed. Through this, it was possible to suggest that the conversion to electric delivery trucks is economical. However, since the cost of purchasing electric vehicles and building charging facilities is high in the initial stage, the government must maintain the current subsidy and come up with a plan that can additionally be supported through financial institutions. In addition, parcel delivery companies and individual delivery drivers need to actively promote a plan to introduce electric trucks in downtown areas where delivery sites are dense to increase the social value of the parcel delivery industry. The result of this study can be used as a reference for the government to prepare support policies for electric trucks, as well as a guideline of economic analysis for the parcel delivery companies.
Abstract
In modern society, the use of fossil fuels is a big issue at the center of various environmental problems including global warming. As a measure to reduce air pollution emitted from road transport, replacing existing vehicles with the internal combustion engine with electric vehicles is a typical example. Currently, the replacement of passenger cars is rapid due to the technological development of electric vehicles. However, the replacement of delivery trucks (1 tonne) is relatively slow. Therefore, to improve the atmospheric environment, it is urgent to replace the electric truck in the parcel delivery. Previous studies have focused on deriving improvement plans for technology development or commercialization of electric trucks. The economic analysis of electric trucks is insufficient. In this study, the economical analysis items of electric delivery trucks were set into six categories through previous research and interviews: truck purchase cost, fuel cost, environmental cost, automobile tax, depreciation cost, and insurance cost. The calculation of fuel accounted for the characteristics of the delivery vehicle causing a lot of idling. This study calculated the actual air emissions through the COPERT program used by the European Environment Agency, rather than simply applying the basic unit to the distance to calculate the environmental cost. In the case study, a daily delivery data of an agency of a domestic representative parcel delivery company was used. Based on this, the operating costs of the diesel truck and the electric truck were compared and analyzed. Through this, it was possible to suggest that the conversion to electric delivery trucks is economical. However, since the cost of purchasing electric vehicles and building charging facilities is high in the initial stage, the government must maintain the current subsidy and come up with a plan that can additionally be supported through financial institutions. In addition, parcel delivery companies and individual delivery drivers need to actively promote a plan to introduce electric trucks in downtown areas where delivery sites are dense to increase the social value of the parcel delivery industry. The result of this study can be used as a reference for the government to prepare support policies for electric trucks, as well as a guideline of economic analysis for the parcel delivery companies.
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