국내 물류기업의 해외시장 진출 효율성 분석: DEA와 Malmquist 생산성지수를 중심으로

Abstract

This study analyzes the efficiency and productivity of Korean logistics firms in overseas markets using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist Productivity Index. Based on 2018∼2023 data for 15 major firms, the study uses (1) overseas assets and (2) number of foreign branches as inputs, and (1) overseas sales and (2) net income from oversea operations as outputs. Firms are classified into 2PL and 3PL by related-party sales ratios. DEA results show that Hyundai Glovis and Eunsan Shipping & Air achieved full efficiency in both CCR and BCC models. When net income from oversea operations is added as an output, the number of fully efficient firms increases, suggesting that profitability improves performance assessment. Malmquist analysis indicates a total factor productivity increase (TFPI = 1.133), mainly driven by exteranal technological change rather than internal efficiency gains. 3PL firms showed significantly higher productivity than 2PL firms. This study contributes by offering a dynamic evaluation framework of overseas logistics performance and highlights the need for differentiated strategies based on firm type. It also supports policy discussions on promoting 3PL-led globalization. Limitations include a small sample size and lack of region-level analysis, suggesting directions for future research.