본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

설명적 텍스트에서 작동기억과 텍스트 유형이 국어 읽기 이해도에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Working Memory and Text Types on Reading Comprehension of Korean Expository Text

0

조회

0

다운로드

2

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류교육학

초록

이 연구에서는 텍스트에 추가된 삽화, 텍스트의 개인화 및 관련된 추가 텍스트가 학습자의 작동기억 수준에 따라 국어 읽기학습 이해도에 어떤 영향을 주는지 검토하고자 하였다. 실험은 2(작동기억: 상, 하) × 4(텍스트 유형: 일반텍스트, 삽화텍스트, 개인화텍스트, 다중텍스트) 요인 설계로 이루어졌다. 중학교 2학년 164명을 대상으로 작동기억과 텍스트 유형에 따라 각각 8개의 집단에 무선 배치하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 학습자의 작동기억이 텍스트 이해도에 의미 있는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 개인화 텍스트와 삽화텍스트가 작동기억 용량이 큰 집단의 텍스트 이해도를 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 다중텍스트보다는 다른 세 가지 텍스트(개인화 텍스트, 삽화텍스트, 일반화텍스트)에서 학습자의 텍스트 이해도가 높았다. 그러나 작동기억 용량이 낮은 집단에서 개인화 텍스트와 삽화텍스트가 다른 텍스트 유형에 비해 텍스트 이해도를 높이는 데에 우월하지 못했다. 이 연구에서는 삽화텍스트나 개인화 텍스트가 모든 학습자에게 일반적으로 텍스트 이해를 높인다는 선행연구의 주장과는 달리 학습자의 작동기억이 이러한 텍스트의 효과를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the main and interaction effects of working memory (central executive, phonological loop, and visuospatial working memory) and text types (personalized text, text with illustrations, multiple text, and controlled text) on reading comprehension of expository text. The experiment was designed 2(working memory capacity: high and low)×4(text types: controlled text, illustration text, personalized text, and multiple texts) two way pretest-posttest comparison factorial designs. One hundred sixty-four second grade middle school students were randomly assigned to eight treatment groups in the experiment. It was found that there were significant interaction effects between central executive working memory and phonological loop working memory and text types on the recognition test scores while there were also significant main effects of three working memory components and text types on both recognition and inference test scores. High working memory group outperformed on both recognition and inference tests of personalized text and text with illustrations than the other two texts. High working memory students got the lowest scores on both recognition and inference tests of the multiple text.

참고문헌 (67)

  1. 김회수, "계열적 텍스트 학습에서 사전지식, 작동기억 및 텍스트 유형이 학업성취도에 미치는 효과", 교육정보방송연구, 7(4), pp.5~32 (2001)
  2. 김희수, "하이퍼텍스트 보조 학습에서 사전지식, 작동기억 및 하이퍼텍스트 탐색도구 유형이 학업성취도에 미치는 효과", 교육공학연구, 18(1), pp.79~108 (2002), 한국교육공학회
  3. 김회수, "웹 기반 하이퍼텍스트 학습에서 협동학습, 그래픽 조직자와 공유인지가 메타인지와 작동기억 부하 분산 및 상황모형 구축에 미치는 효과", 교육공학연구, 27(2), pp.289~315 (2011), 한국교육공학회
  4. 신종호, "읽기이해과정을 구성하는 하위인지능력에 대한 개인차 연구", 교육심리연구, 18(1), pp.197~218 (2004), 한국교육심리학회
  5. 신종호, "설명식 글의 구조화 방식과 학습자의 사전지식, 작업기억능력이 텍스트 이해 및 지연기억에 미치는 영향", 교육심리연구, 19(2), pp.433~453 (2005), 한국교육심리학회
  6. 염시창, "수업 텍스트 평가를 위한 준거 탐색: 텍스트 정합성과 이해", 교육정보미디어연구 (구, 교육정보방송연구), 4, pp.122~139 (1998)
  7. 염시창, "텍스트 처리와 이해: 구성-통합 모형의 확장을 위한 연구과제", 교육학 연구, 36(3), pp.171~191 (1998)
  8. 이성묵, "중학교 과학 1" (2001), ㈜ 금성출판사
  9. 정명호, "심장병의 최신 안내서" (2007), 전남대학교출판부
  10. 차경애, "The effect of text length diagnosis of reading comprehension", 응용언어학, 8, pp.249~275 (1995)
  11. 현주석, "기억 표상과 지각적 입력 간 비교 과정을 통해 본 시각작업기억 표상의 특성", 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 21(4), pp.265~282 (2009), 한국인지및생물심리학회
  12. Ainsworth, S., "The functions of multiple representations", Computers & Education, 33(2-3), pp.131~152 (1999)
  13. Arthur, T. A. A., "Articulatory loop and children's reading", The British Journal of Psychology, 85(2), pp.283~300 (1994)
  14. Baddeley, A., "Working memory" (1986), Oxford University Press
  15. Baddeley, A., "Exploring the central executive", The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49A(1) (1996)
  16. Baddeley, A., "The fractionation of working memory", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(24), pp.13468~13472 (1996)
  17. Baddeley, A., "Working memory", Life sciences, 321, pp.167~173 (1998)
  18. Baddeley, A., "The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?", Trends In Cognitive Sciences, 4(11), pp.417~423 (2000)
  19. Britton, B. K., "Learning from instructional text: Test of an individual-difference model", Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, pp.476~491 (1998)
  20. Cantor, J., "Working-memory capacity as long-term memory activation: An individual differences approach", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, pp.1101~1114 (1993)
  21. Carney, R. N., "Pictorial Illustrations Still Improve Students' Learning From Text", Educational Psychology Review, 14(1), pp.5~26 (2002)
  22. Chandler, P., "Cognitive Load Theory and the Format of Instruction", Cognition and Instruction, 8(4), pp.293~332 (1991)
  23. Conway, A. R. A., "Working memory and retrieval : A resource-dependent inhibition model", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 123, pp.354~373 (1994)
  24. Cooper, G., "Cognitive load theory as an aid for instructional design", Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 6(2), pp.108~113 (1990)
  25. Daneman, M., "Individual differences in working memory and reading", Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19(4), pp.450~466 (1980)
  26. Engle, R. W., "Working Memory and retrieval: An inhibition-resource approach, In Working memory and Human Cognition", pp.89~119 (1996), Oxford University Press
  27. Friedman, N. P., "Differential Roles for Visuospatial and Verbal Working Memory in Situation Model Construction", Journal of Experimental Psychology, 129(1), pp.61~83 (2000)
  28. Gernsbacher, Morton A., "Investigating differences in general comprehension skill", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16(3), pp.430~445 (1990)
  29. Gernsbacher, Morton A., "The mechanism of suppression: A component of general comprehension skill", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17(2), pp.245~262 (1991)
  30. Ginns, P., "Designing Instructional Text in a Conversational Style: A Meta-analysis", Educational Psychology Review (2013)
  31. Goldman, S. R., "Learning in complex domains: When and why do multiple representations help?", Learning and Instruction, 13(2), pp.239~244 (2003)
  32. Greene, J. D. W., "Autobiographical memory and executive function in early dementia of alzheimer type", Neuropsychologia, 33(12), pp.1647~1670 (1995)
  33. Gyselinck, V., "Illustrations, Mental Models, and Comprehension of Instructional Text, In Advances in Psychology, 108", pp.139~151 (1994)
  34. Johnson-Laird, P. N., "Mental models" (1983), Harvard University press
  35. Just, M. A., "A theory of reading : From eye fixations to comprehension", Psychological Review, 87, pp.329~354 (1980)
  36. Kalyuga, S., "Managing Split-attention and Redundancy in Multimedia Instruction", Applied Cognitive Psychology, 13, pp.351~371 (1999)
  37. Kalyuga, S., "Enhancing Instructional Efficiency of Interactive E-learning Environments : A Cognitive Load Perspective", Educational Psychology Review, 19, pp.387~399 (2007)
  38. Kane, M. J., "Working-memory capacity, proactive interference, and divided attention: Limits on long-term memory retrieval", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, pp.336~358 (2000)
  39. Kartal, G., "Does Language Matter in Multimedia Learning? Personalization Principle Revisited", Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), pp.615~624 (2010)
  40. Kintsch, W., "The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension : A construction-integration model", Psychological Review, 95(2), pp.163~182 (1988)
  41. Kintsch, W., "Toward a model of text comprehension and production", Psychological Review, 85(5), pp.363~394 (1978)
  42. Levin, J. R., "On empirically validating functions of pictures in prose, In The psychology of illustration: Vol, 1. Basic research", pp.51~85 (1987), Springer
  43. Logie, R. H., "Seven Ages of Working Memory, In Working memory and Human Cognition", pp.31~65 (1996), Oxford University Press
  44. Mayer, R. E., "Multimedia learning: Are we asking the right questions?", Educational Psychologist, 32(1), pp.1~19 (1997)
  45. Mayer, R. E., "When is an illustration worth ten thousand words?", Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(4), pp.715~726 (1990)
  46. Mayer, R. E., "Revising the Redundancy Principle in Multimedia Learning", Journal of Educational Psychology, 100(2), pp.380~386 (2008)
  47. Mayer, R. E., "Nine Ways to Reduce Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning", Educational Psychologist, 38(1), pp.43~52 (2003)
  48. Mayer, R. E., "For Whom Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words? Extensions of a Dual-Coding Theory of Multimedia Learning", Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(3), pp.389~401 (1994)
  49. Mayer, R. E., "A Personalization Effect in Multimedia Learning : Students Learn Better When Words Are in Conversational Style Rather Than Formal Style", Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(2), pp.389~395 (2004)
  50. Moreno, R., "Engaging Students in Active Learning : The Case for Personalized Multimedia Messages", Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(4), pp.724~733 (2000)
  51. Moreno, R., "Personalized messages that promote science learning in virtual environments", Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(1), pp.165~173 (2004)
  52. Morris, N., "Memory updating in working memory : The role of the central executive", British Journal of Psychology, 81, pp.111~121 (1990)
  53. Oberauer, K., "Working memory capacity-facets of a cognitive ability construct", Personality and Individual Differences, 29(6), pp.1017~1045 (2000)
  54. Pavio, A., "Mental Representations: A dual coding Approach" (1986), Oxford University Press
  55. Peeck, J., "Increasing picture effects in learning from illustrated text", Learning and Instruction, 3, pp.227~238 (1993)
  56. Pike, M. M., "The role of illustrations in children's inferential comprehension", Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 105(3), pp.243~255 (2010)
  57. Schauer, S. A., "Using Guided Mental Imagery to Improve Reading Comprehension", 박사, pp.2005
  58. Schnotz, W., "Towards an Integrated View of Learning From Text and Visual Displays", Educational Psychology Review, 14(1), pp.101~120 (2002)
  59. Schnotz, W., "Construction and interference in learning from multiple representation", Learning and Instruction, 13(2), pp.141~156 (2003)
  60. Schnotz, W., "External and internal representations in multimedia learning", Learning and Instruction, 13(2), pp.117~123 (2003)
  61. Seufert, T., "Supporting coherence formation in learning from multiple representations", Learning and Instruction, 13(2), pp.227~237 (2003)
  62. Shah, P., "Review of Graph Comprehension Research : Implications for Instruction", Educational Psychology Review, 14(1), pp.47~70 (2002)
  63. Silke, S., "Does personalization matter? The role of social cues in instructional explanations", Intelligent Decision Technologies, 6(2), pp.105~111 (2012)
  64. Toh, S. C., "Redundancy effect in multimedia learning: A closer look", Proceedings ascilite Sydney 2010, pp.988~998 (2010)
  65. Unsworth, N., "The role of working memory capacity in autobiographical retrieval : Individual differences in strategic search", Memory, 20(2), pp.167~176 (2012)
  66. Verdi, M. P., "Learning With Maps and Texts : An Overview", Educational Psychology Review, 14(1), pp.27~46 (2002)
  67. Weidenmann, B., "When good pictures fail: An information-processing approach to the effect of illustrations, In Knowledge Acquisition from Text and Pictures", pp.151~170 (1989), Elsevier

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (11건)