새만금방조제 건설로 인한 조업구역의 변경이 전라북도 근해형망어업의 패류어획량에 미치는 영향
Influence on the catch of shellfish by offshore dredge fishery according to change fishing area to the construction of the Samangeum Dike in Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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초록
형망어업으로 어획된 패류자원의 최대지속적생산량()은 새만금 방조제 건설로 어획량에 영향을 받지 않은 1990∼1999년까지는 7,250∼7,490 MT, 영향을 받기 시작한 2000∼2016년 중 연간 총 어획량이 1,000 MT 이상일 때는 1,716∼1,776 MT, 미만일 때는 289∼336 MT이었다. 새만금 방조제 건설로 인하여 전라북도 근해형망어업은 방조제 건설 전의 약 4.2∼23.7% 수준으로 감소하였다. 생물학적허용어획량()은 연간 313∼1,532 MT으로 산정하였고, 이는 새만금방조제 건설 전과 비교하여 약 72.3∼94.3% 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 현재 전라북도 형망어업은 키조개 자원에 의존하고 있으며, 어업관리를 위하여 척당 어획량을 51.0 MT/년 이하로 설정하고, 조업척수를 시급히 22척으로 감축하여야 할 것이다. 이와 더불어 장기적으로 전라북도 키조개 자원의 채취 주기를 고려하여 현 조업척수를 절반 이하로 감축해야할 것이다.
Abstract
The maximum sustained yield (MSY) of shellfish caught through dredge fishery was 7,250 to 7,490 MT from 1990 to 1999, which was not affected by the construction of the Saemangeum Dike. The MSY from 2000 to 2016, under the influence of the dike, was 1,716 to 1,776 MT when the total annual fish catch was 1,000 MT or more, and 289 to 336 MT when it was less than 1,000 MT. The construction of the Saemangeum Dike led to a decrease in the catch volume of the offshore dredge fishery in Jeollabuk-do, to 4.2 to 23.7% of that before its construction. The allowable biological catch (ABC) was estimated to be 313 to 1,532 MT per year, which was about 72.3 to 94.3% less than before the construction of Saemangeum Dike. Currently, the dredge fishery in Jeollabuk-do relies on comb pen shells. For fishery management, the catch per vessel should be set at 51.0 MT/year or less, and the number of fishing vessels should be reduced to 22 as quickly as possible. Besides, in the long term, the number of current fishing vessels should be reduced to less than half in consideration of the comb pen shell collecting period in Jeollabuk-do.
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