참조기 유자망어업에서 어로기술개발에 따른 어획성능지수 변동
Change of relative fishing power index from technological development in the small yellow croaker drift gillnet fishery
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초록
본 연구는 참조기 유자망어업에 대하여 적절한 어획노력량 산출을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 참조기 유자망어업에서 어선, 어구, 어로설비 및 항해계기 발달에 따른 어획성능지수의 변화에 대하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 어선 척당 평균톤수는 1960년대 8.8톤, 1970년 12톤, 1980년 21.3톤, 1990년 26.2톤 2000년대 들어서면서 30톤급을 나타내었고, 척당 평균마력은 1960~1980년까지 19.0~73.3마력, 1985~1990년대 112.8~267.0마력, 2000년대 이후에는 346.6~611.9마력이었다. 어구에서 망목은 1960~1970년 75mm, 1980~1990년대 60.6mm, 2000년대 이후 51mm망목이 사용되었고, 어구사용 폭 수는 1960년대 60폭, 1970~1990년 중반까지 225~300폭, 1995~2005년 중반 450폭, 2010년 이후 600폭이 사용되었다. 양망기는 1970년대부터 사이드 드럼, 1995년부터 3단형, 2000년 이후에는 나선형 및 5단형 양망기를 사용하였고, 어군탐지기와 측위장치는 각각 1980년대 초반과 1980년대 중반부터 사용된 것으로 조사되었다. 각 항목이 어획성능에 미치는 영향력은 참조기 조업 중심인 추자도 유자망어선 52척 중 20척 선장의 설문조사를 반영한 결과, 참조기 유자망어업에서 어획성능지수는 1980년을 1.0이라 하였을 경우, 1970년은 0.8, 1990년은 1.1, 2000년은 1.6, 2010년은 1.9로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 어획성능의 변화를 적절히 관리한다면 참조기 수산자원의 합리적인 관리의 중요한 기초자료가 될 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
The small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) is one of the representative high-class fish species in Korea. The catch of small yellow croaker in adjacent water fisheries has been continuously decreasing from 59,226 tons in 2011 to 19,271 tons in 2016. The small yellow croaker is caught by gillnet, stow net and bottom trawl, among which about 55~65% is caught by gillnet. For the sustainable use of small yellow croaker, the fishing power of small yellow croaker drift gillnet is very important. Therefore, the change of fishing power index were analyzed to identify the development of the vessel and gear technology that may have improved the fishing efficiency of the small yellow croaker drift gillnet fishery from 1960s to 2010s. Gross tonnage and horse power per fishing vessel was increased annually. The mesh size was 75.0 mm in the 1960s, but reduced to 60.6 mm in the 1980s and to 51.0 mm in the 2000s. In the 1960s, it was hauled out by manpower. However, the net hauler were modernized and supply rate was also increased since 1970. Due to the mechanization of the net hauler, the number (length) of used net gradually increased from 1.5 km in the 1960s to 7.5 km in the mid-1980s and to 15 km in 2010. Colour fish finders and positioning system were introduced and utilized from the mid-1980s. Surveys on the supply and upgrading of fishing equipment utilized visiting research. Therefore, the relative fishing power index in the small yellow croaker drift gillnet fishery increased from 1.0 in 1980 to 0.8 in 1970, to 1.1 in 1990, to 1.6 in 2000 and to 1.9 in 2010. The results are expected to contribute to reasonable fisheries stock management of the small yellow croaker drift gillnet fishery.
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