제주도 서북 해역에서의 우점종 생물량 추정에 환경 유전자의 적용에 관한 시범 연구
A pilot study on the application of environmental DNA to the estimation of the biomass of dominant species in the northwestern waters of Jeju Island
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이 연구는 이 환경 DNA 기술을 수산 자원 평가의 직접적인 조사 방법 중 하나인 음향 트롤 조사에 접목한 시범 연구이다. 제주도 서북 해역에서의 우점종에 대한 생물량을 기존의 트롤 어획 비율과 환경 DNA 결과인 어종 순위 비율을 이용하여 추정하였다. 조사 해역에서 최우점종은 등가시치로 트롤 어획 비율은 68.2%, 환경 DNA의 우점 비율은 81.3%를 차지하였다. 이 두 가지 방법으로 추정한 등가시치의 생물량은 7199.4 ton(트롤) 과 생물량은 8584.6 ton(환경 DNA)이었다. 환경 DNA 우점 비율 방법으로 구한 생물량이 트롤 어획 비율 방법 으로 구한 것보다 1.2배 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 전체 조사 해역에서의 수평적인 NASC값(120 kHz)의 평균과 표준편차는 각각 135.5와 157.7 m2/nm2이었다. 제주도 북서쪽 위도 34°와 경도 126°15’에 강한 음향 산란신호 가 관찰되었다. 조사 해역에서의 음향산란신호는 염분 32~33 psu의 범위와 수온 19~20℃ 범위의 해양 환경에 서 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 향후 이 기술을 이용하여 정도 높은 정량적인 추정을 위하여 고려해야 할 사항이 다수 있음이 고찰하였다.
Abstract
Using environmental DNA (eDNA) in the fisheries and oceanography fields, research on the diversity of biological species, the presence or absence of specific species and quantitative evaluation of species has considerably been performed. Up to date, no study on eDNA has been tried in the area of fisheries acoustics in Korea. In this study, the biomass of a dominant species in the northwestern waters of Jeju Island was examined using 1) the catch ratio of the species from trawl survey results and 2) the ranking ratio of the species from the eDNA results. The dominant species was Zoarces gillii, and its trawl catch ratio was 68.2% and its eDNA ratio was 81.3%. The Zoarces gillii biomass from the two methods was 7199.4 tons (trawl) and 8584.6 tons (eDNA), respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the acoustic backscattering strength values (120 kHz) from the entire survey area were 135.5 and 157.7 m2/nm2, respectively. The strongest echo signal occurred at latitude 34° and longitude 126°15’ (northwest of Jeju Island). High echo signals were observed in a specific oceanographic feature (salinity range of 32-33 psu and the water temperature range of 19-20℃). This study was a pilot study on evaluating quantitatively aquatic resources by applying the eDNA technique into acoustic-trawl survey method. Points to be considered for high-quality quantitative estimation using the eDNA to fisheries acosutics were discussed.
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