패시브 음향조사와 목시조사를 통한 한국 남해안에 서식하는 상괭이 종(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)의 출몰 및 음향 특성
Occurrence and acoustic characteristics of finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) off the south coast of Korea using hydrophone and visual surveys
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우리나라 남해안(하동 중평항)에서 실시한 패시브 음향조사와 목시조사를 통해 상괭이 종의 출몰관 음향 특징의 기초 자료를 제시하였다. 조사기간(2023년 7월 8일-8월 16일, 40일) 동안 상괭이 클릭수는 7월 15일, 7월 24일, 8월 4일, 8월 11일, 8월 16일(7월 15일, 7월 17일, 7월 25일, 8월 11일, 8월 16일)에 정점을 보였다. 7월 15일에 최댓값(18,924개)을 기록하였고, 8월 8일 최젓값(3,888개)을 보였다. 탐지양성분(DPM)은 7월 8일부터 30-50분 사이에서 비교적 일정한 값을 유지하다가 7월 29일 최젓값(21분)을 기록하고 점차 증가하여 8월 11일 최댓값(55분)을 기록하였다. 남해안 상괭이의 일주기(하루 시간) 동안 음 특성을 살펴보면 05:00-08:00에 DPM, DP10M과 클릭음 수의 정점이 보이고, 17:00-18:00에 두 번째 정점이 관찰되었다. 가장 조용한 시간대는 23:00-02:00임을 알 수 있다. 클릭수는 일출부터 매우 큰 폭(20,003개)으로 증가하여 6시에 최댓값(21,581개)이 관찰되었다. 그 후 정오 12시까지 서서히 하락한 후 다시 증가하여 일몰에 두 번째 정점이 보이고 감소하였다. 상괭이 클릭음의 주파수 모드는 126 kHz이고 112-136 kHz에 집중적으로 분포하였다. 클릭음의 지속시간은 127 ㎲, 클릭음 내의 정현파(cycle)수는 약 16개, 클릭음 내 주기 길이는 약 7.9 ㎲이었다. 이 연구 결과는 우리나라 남해안에서 서식하는 상괭이의 음향 특성을 분석하여 한국형 핑거 및 음향 경고 시스템의 개발에 필요한 기초 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.
Abstract
We presented foundational findings regarding the occurrence and acoustic characteristics of the finless porpoise through passive acoustic and visual surveys conducted on the southern coast of Korea, specifically at Hadong Jungpyeong Port. Over a survey period spanning from July 8 to August 16, 2023, totaling 40 days, we observed peaks in the number of clicks produced by this species on July 15, July 24, August 4, August 11, and August 16. The highest count, totaling 18,924 clicks, was recorded on July 15th, while the lowest count, at 3,888 clicks, occurred on August 8th. Examining the acoustic characteristics throughout the diurnal cycle, we found that the peak activity in terms of DPM (detection positive minute for one hour), DP10M (DPM for ten minutes), and overall number of click sounds was observed between 05:00 and 08:00, with a secondary peak occurring from 17:00 to 18:00. The quietest period was noted between 23:00 and 02:00. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the number of clicks from sunrise, with the maximum count of 21,581 clicks recorded at 6 AM. This count gradually decreased until noon, experienced a slight increase thereafter, peaked again at sunset, and then declined. The dominant frequency mode of this species was 126 kHz, with a concentration ranging from 112 to 136 kHz. The average duration of a click sound was 127 ㎲, with approximately 16 sinusoids (cycles) within each click sound and an average cycle length of approximately 7.9 ㎲. These findings from our study are anticipated to serve as foundational data for the development of a Korean pinger and acoustic warning system.
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