2003-2020년 5월 한국 동해안 밍크고래(Balaenoptera acutorostrata) 분포와 위성 표층수온과의 공간적 관계
Spatial relationship between distribution of common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and satellite sea surface temperature observed in the East Sea, Korea in May from 2003 to 2020
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초록
2003-2020년간 동해에서 5월에 국립수산과학원 시험 조사선을 이용하여 목시 관찰된 밍크고래의 발견위치와 위성해면수온과의 관계를 해석하였다. 동해안에서 대부 분의 밍크고래는 연안용승에 의해 기초생산력이 높은 36-38.5°N 해역에서 관찰되었다. 하지만, 수온 11°C의 연안용승이 크게 발달했던 2006년에는 연안용승해역에 서 밍크고래는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한, 17°C 이상의 고 수온수가 동해 남서부 해역을 넓게 차지했던 2016년과 2020년에 밍크고래는 동해 연안역에서 관찰되지 않았 고 수심 1,000 m를 넘는 근해에서 발견되었다. 5월에 동해안에서 목시 관찰된 밍크고래의 87.5%가 13-16°C 수온범위에서 발견되었고, 이로부터 동해안에서 5월 밍 크고래의 서식 적수온대는 13-16°C로 추정된다.
Abstract
The distributions of common minke whales observed in the East Sea in ten surveys in May of 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016 and 2020 were investigated using satellite sea surface temperature (SST) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). Most of the minke whales were observed in the waters off the Korean Peninsula at 36-38.5° N, which is expected as the highly productive coastal upwelling area. Yet, no minke whale was observed in 2006 when a relatively larger scale coastal upwelling occurred with SST at 11°C. In 2016 and 2020, the warm water higher than 17°C extended widely in the area, and the minke whales were observed in the offshore waters, deeper than 1,000 m. 87.5% of minke whales observed in May appeared in the SST from 13 to 16°C, and they seemed to avoid relatively high temperatures. This suggests that optimum habitat water temperature of minke whales in May is 13-16°C. The SST in the area had risen 1.67°C from 2003 to 2021, and it was remarkably higher than in other parts of the surrounding areas. The future temperature rising may change the route and timing of the migration of minke whales in the study area.
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