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생물다양성 특성 분석을 통한 우리나라 주변 해양생태계 변화 연구

A study on the variation of the Korean marine ecosystem through bi odiversity attributes

서영일|최민제|김진우|윤상철|강희중|이종희|최지훈
한국수산해양기술학회 (The Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology)|2023.11|수산해양기술연구 (Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology)|제59권 제4호|pp. 315-327

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참고문헌

키워드

Diversity index종다양성지수해양생태계Korean watersTrophic levelMarine ecosystem영양단계표영성-저서성 어류비연근해P/D
주제분류수산학

초록

1971-2020년간 우리나라 일반해면어업 총 어획량은 1971년이 가장 낮고 1986년에 정점에 이른 후 점차 감소하고 있다. 2000년대 어획량의 감소가 둔화되거나 일부 증가추세를 보였으나, 2010년대 다시 감소 추세로 변화했다. 생태계 변화를 파악할 수 있는 지표로서 영양단계(TL), 종다양성지수(H′)와 표영성-저서성 어류비(P/D)를 해역 생태계별로 분석하였다. 해역 생태계별 추세의 일부 차이를 보였으나 평균영양단계와 종다양성지수는 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 표영성-저서성 어류비(P/D)는 증가하였다. 1970-1980년대 우점했던 저서성 어류는 감소하고, 1990-2010년대는 표영성 어류가 우점하는 것으로 변화했다. 하지만, 해역 생태계와 연대별로는 단순하게 감소하는 것이 아니라 증감을 반복하며 복합적으로 변동하는 양상을 보였다. 우리나라 주변 해역 생태계의 변화는 어업과 기후 변화가 복합적으로 작용한 것으로 사료되며, 생태계 지표는 1980년대 중반을 기점으로 급변한 어획량 변화, 저서어종의 급감, 표영성 어종의 증가를 반영하고 있다.

Abstract

In the last five decades, there has been a consistent decline in the total catch of fisheries in the Korean jurisdiction since the peak in 1986. The decline in catch slowed and slightly rebounded in the 2000s, but changed back to a decline in the 2010s. As indicators that can identify changes in the marine ecosystem, trophic level (TL), biodiversity index (H'), and the ratio between pelagic fish and demersal fish (P/D) were analyzed by each local marine ecosystem. There were some different changes in each local marine ecosystem, but the mean TL and H' decreased and P/D increased in general in Korean waters. Demersal fish, which were dominant in the 1970s and 1980s, declined, and small pelagic fish and cephalopods have dominantly changed since the 1990s. However, these changes are not simple, and they are fluctuating in complex ways relating to each marine ecosystem and the timing. It is believed that changes in marine ecosystems in Korean waters are likely caused by a combination of fisheries and climate change. The ecosystem indicators reflected a change in the total catch, a sharp drop in catch of demersal fish, and increasing catch of pelagic fish since the mid-1980s.

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