Effect of Fermented Chlorella Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Characteristics, Fecal Microbial and Fecal Noxious Gas Content in Growing Pigs
1
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
A total of 96 growing pigs ((Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc; BW = 26.58±1.41 kg) were used in a 6-wk feeding trail to evaluate the effects of fermented chlorella (FC) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, fecal microbial and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs. Pigs were randomly allotted into 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens (2 barrows and 2 gilts) per treatment. Dietary treatments were: i) negative control (NC), basal diet (without antibiotics); ii) positive control (PC), NC+0.05% tylosin; iii) (fermented chlorella 01) FC01, NC+0.1% FC, and iv) fermented chlorella 02 (FC02), NC+0.2% FC. In this study, feeding pigs PC or FC01 diets led to a higher average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter (DM) digestibility than those fed NC diet (p<0.05), whereas the inclusion of FC02 diet did not affect the ADG and DM compared with the NC group. No difference (p>0.05) was observed on the body weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain:feed (G:F) ratio, the apparent total tract digestibility of N and energy throughout the experiment. The inclusion of PC or FC did not affect the blood characteristics (p>0.05). Moreover, dietary FC treatment led to a higher (p<0.05) lactobacillus concentration and lower E. coli concentration than the NC treatment, whereas the antibiotic supplementation only decreased the E. coli concentration. Pigs fed FC or PC diet had reduced (p<0.05) fecal NH3 and H2S content compared with those fed NC diet. In conclusion, our results indicated that the inclusion of FC01 treatment could improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial shedding (lower E. coli and higher lactobacillus), and decrease the fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs when compared with the group fed the basal diet. In conclusion, dietary FC could be considered as a good source of supplementation in growing pigs because of its growth promoting effect.
Abstract
A total of 96 growing pigs ((Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc; BW = 26.58±1.41 kg) were used in a 6-wk feeding trail to evaluate the effects of fermented chlorella (FC) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, fecal microbial and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs. Pigs were randomly allotted into 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens (2 barrows and 2 gilts) per treatment. Dietary treatments were: i) negative control (NC), basal diet (without antibiotics); ii) positive control (PC), NC+0.05% tylosin; iii) (fermented chlorella 01) FC01, NC+0.1% FC, and iv) fermented chlorella 02 (FC02), NC+0.2% FC. In this study, feeding pigs PC or FC01 diets led to a higher average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter (DM) digestibility than those fed NC diet (p<0.05), whereas the inclusion of FC02 diet did not affect the ADG and DM compared with the NC group. No difference (p>0.05) was observed on the body weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain:feed (G:F) ratio, the apparent total tract digestibility of N and energy throughout the experiment. The inclusion of PC or FC did not affect the blood characteristics (p>0.05). Moreover, dietary FC treatment led to a higher (p<0.05) lactobacillus concentration and lower E. coli concentration than the NC treatment, whereas the antibiotic supplementation only decreased the E. coli concentration. Pigs fed FC or PC diet had reduced (p<0.05) fecal NH3 and H2S content compared with those fed NC diet. In conclusion, our results indicated that the inclusion of FC01 treatment could improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial shedding (lower E. coli and higher lactobacillus), and decrease the fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs when compared with the group fed the basal diet. In conclusion, dietary FC could be considered as a good source of supplementation in growing pigs because of its growth promoting effect.
참고문헌 (23)
- AOAC, "Official methods of analysis. 16th ed" (1995), Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem
- Buckenhüskes, H., "Fermented vegetables. In: Processing and Quality of Foods in Food Biotechnology" (1990), Avenues to Healthy and Nutritious Products
- Cho, J. H., "Effects of fermented fish meal on N balance and apparent total tract and ileal amino acid digestibility in weaning pigs", J. Anim. Vet. Adv, 10, pp.1455~1459 (2011)
- Ferket, P. R., "Nutritional strategies to reduce environmental emissions from nonruminants", J. Anim. Sci, 80(E. Suppl. 2), pp.E168~E182 (2002)
- Halama, D., "Single cell protein. In: Nonconventional Feedstuffs in the Nutrition of Farm Animals", pp.34~49 (1990), Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc
- Han, J. G., "The present status and future of Chlorella", Food Sci. Ind, 6, pp.64~69 (2002)
- Hasegawa, T., "Chlorella vulgaris culture supernatant (CVS) reduces psychological stressinduced apoptosis in thymocytes of mice", Int. J. Immunopharmacol, 22, pp.877~885 (2000)
- Janczyk, P., "Microbial community composition of the crop and ceca contents of laying hens fed diets supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris", Poult. Sci, 88, pp.2324~2332 (2009)
- Justo, G. Z., "Effects of the green algae Chlorella vulgaris on the response of the host hematopoietic system to intraperitoneal Ehrlich ascites tumor transplantation in mice", Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol, 23, pp.119~132 (2001)
- Keijiro, U., "Method for producing Chlorella fermented food. United States Patent. Patent No.: US 7,914,832 B2", ~ (2011)
- Lin, Y. C., "The supplementary effect of algae on the nutritive value of soybean milk", J. Formos. Med. Assoc, 68, pp.15~21 (1969)
- Nagy, B., "Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in farm animals", Vet. Res, 30, pp.259~284 (1999)
- NRC, "Nutrient requirements of swine. 9th rev, ed" (1998), Natl. Acad. Press
- Phang, S. M., "Role of algae in livestock-fish integrated farming system", Proceedings of the FAO, 1992, 49~56[DOI]
- Rania, M. A., "Antibacterial and antifungal activity of cyanobacteria and green microalgae. Evaluation of medium components by placket-burman design for antimicrobial activity of Spirulina platensis", Global J. Biotechnol. Biochem, 3, pp.22~31 (2008)
- Williams, C. H., "The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry", J. Agric. Sci, 59, pp.381~385 (1962)
- Yan, L., "Effects of fermented garlic powder supplementation on growth performance, blood characteristics and meat quality in finishing pigs pigs fed low-nutrient-density diets", Livest. Sci, 137, pp.255~259 (2011)
- Yan, L., "Influence of essential oil supplementation and diets with different nutrient densities on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, meat quality and fecal noxious gas content in grower-finisher pigs", Livest. Sci, 128, pp.115~122 (2010)
- Yan, L, "The effect of an herb extract mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs", Livest. Sci, 141, pp.143~147 (2011)
- Yan, L., "Effects of different fermented soy protein and apparent ileal digestible lysine levels on weaning pigs fed fermented soy protein amended diets", Anim. Sci. J, 83, pp.403~410 (2012)
- Yan, L., "Effects of fermented garlic powder supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs", Anim. Sci. J, 83, pp.411~417 (2012)
- Yan, L., "Effect of an herb extract mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristic, and fecal microbial shedding in weaning pigs", Livest. Sci, 145, pp.189~195 (2012)
- L. Zheng, "The Dietary Effects of Fermented Chlorella vulgaris (CBTT^®) on Production Performance, Liver Lipids and Intestinal Microflora in Laying Hens", ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 25(2), pp.261~266 (2012), 아세아·태평양축산학회