Effect of inclusion of different levels of Leucaena silage on rumen microbial population and microbial protein synthesis in dairy steers fed on rice straw
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena) is a perennial tropical legume that can be directly grazed or harvested and offered to ruminants as hay, silage, or fresh. However, Leucaena contain phenolic compounds, which are considered anti-nutritional factors as these may reduce intake, digestibility and thus animal performance. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine effects of Leucaena silage (LS) feeding levels on rumen microbial populations, N-balance and microbial protein synthesis in dairy steers. Methods: Four, rumen fistulated dairy steers with initial weight of 167±12 kg were randomly assigned to receive dietary treatments according to a 4×4 Latin square design. Treatments were as followings: T1 = untreated rice straw (RS; Control), T2 = 70% RS+30% LS, T3 = 40% RS+60% LS, and T4 = 100% LS. Dairy steers were fed rice straw and LS ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate at 0.2% of body weight/d. Results: Results revealed that the rumen microbial population, especially cellulolytic, proteolytic bacteria and fungal zoospores were enhanced in steers that received 60% of LS (p<0.05), whereas the amylolytic bacteria population was not affected by treatments (p>0.05). Protozoal population was linearly decreased with increasing level of LS (p<0.05). Moreover, N-balance and microbial protein synthesis were enhanced by LS feeding (p<0.05) and were the highest in 60% LS group. Conclusion: Based on this study, it could be concluded that replacement of RS with 60% LS significantly improved microbial population and microbial protein synthesis in diary steers.
Abstract
Objective: Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena) is a perennial tropical legume that can be directly grazed or harvested and offered to ruminants as hay, silage, or fresh. However, Leucaena contain phenolic compounds, which are considered anti-nutritional factors as these may reduce intake, digestibility and thus animal performance. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine effects of Leucaena silage (LS) feeding levels on rumen microbial populations, N-balance and microbial protein synthesis in dairy steers. Methods: Four, rumen fistulated dairy steers with initial weight of 167±12 kg were randomly assigned to receive dietary treatments according to a 4×4 Latin square design. Treatments were as followings: T1 = untreated rice straw (RS; Control), T2 = 70% RS+30% LS, T3 = 40% RS+60% LS, and T4 = 100% LS. Dairy steers were fed rice straw and LS ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate at 0.2% of body weight/d. Results: Results revealed that the rumen microbial population, especially cellulolytic, proteolytic bacteria and fungal zoospores were enhanced in steers that received 60% of LS (p<0.05), whereas the amylolytic bacteria population was not affected by treatments (p>0.05). Protozoal population was linearly decreased with increasing level of LS (p<0.05). Moreover, N-balance and microbial protein synthesis were enhanced by LS feeding (p<0.05) and were the highest in 60% LS group. Conclusion: Based on this study, it could be concluded that replacement of RS with 60% LS significantly improved microbial population and microbial protein synthesis in diary steers.
참고문헌 (31)
- Wanapat M, "Development of feeding systems and strategies of supplementation to enhance rumen fermentation and ruminant production in the tropics", J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 4, pp.32~ (2013)
- Wanapat M, "Potential uses of local feed resources for ruminants", Trop Amin Health Prod, 41, pp.1035~1049 (2009)
- Aregheore EM, "Nutritive and anti-nutritive value of some tree legumes used in ruminant livestock nutrition in Pacific Island countries", J South Pacific Agric, 6, pp.50~61 (1999)
- Barros-Rodríguez M, "Effects of two intake levels of Leucaena leucocephala on rumen function of sheep", Trop Grassl Forrajes Tropicales, 1, pp.55~57 (2013)
- AOAC, "Official methods of Analysis" (1995), AOAC International
- Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagent, procedures and some application), "Goering HK", USDA, ~, pp.Agric. Handbook No. 379 (1970)
- Burns RE, "Method for estimation of tannin in grain sorghum", Agron J, 63, pp.511~512 (1971)
- . Manual of laboratory of ruminant nutrition, "Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University", 2001
- Chen XB, "Measurement of allantoin in urine and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization", J Chromatogr, 617, pp.241~247 (1993)
- Chen XB, "Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives-an overview of the technical details. Occassional publication 1992. International Feed Resources Unit", Rowett Research Institute, ~ (1995)
- Galyean ML, "Laboratory procedure in animal nutrition research", pp.1989
- Hungate RE, "Chapter IV A roll tube method for cultivation of strict anaerobes", Methods Microbiol, 3, pp.117~132 (1969)
- SAS Institute Inc, "Guide for Personal Computers" (1998), SAS Institute Inc
- Steel RGD, "Principles and procedures of statistic: a biometrical approach" (1980), McGraw-Hill Inc
- Hung LV, "Effects of leucaena leaf pellet on bacterial diversity and microbial protein synthesis in swamp buffalo fed on rice straw", Livest Sci, 151, pp.188~197 (2013)
- Makkar HP, "In vitro effects of and interactions between tannins and saponins and fate of tannins in the rumen", J Sci Food Agric, 69, pp.481~493 (1995)
- Guo YQ, "Effect of tea saponin on methanogenesis, microbial community structure and expression of mcrA gene, in cultures of rumen micro‐organisms", Lett Appl Microbiol, 47, pp.421~426 (2008)
- Newbold CJ, "The effect of ciliate protozoa on the turnover of bacterial and fungal protein in the rumen of sheep", Lett Appl Microbiol, 11, pp.100~102 (1990)
- P. Chanjula, "Effects of Various Levels of Cassava Hay on Rumen Ecology and Digestibility in Swamp Buffaloes", ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 17(5), pp.663~669 (2004), 아세아·태평양축산학회
- Tagari H, "Effect of carob pod extract on cellulolysis, proteolysis, deamination, and protein biosynthesis in an artificial rumen", Appl Environ Microbiol, 13, pp.437~442 (1965)
- Smith AH, "Bacterial mechanisms to overcome inhibitory effects of dietary tannins", Microb Ecol, 50, pp.197~205 (2005)
- Longo C, "Voluntary intake, apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance by sheep supplemented with Leucaena leucocephala", Livest Res Rur Dev, 20 (2008)
- Barahona R, "Intake, digestion, and nitrogen utilization by sheep fed tropical legumes with contrasting tannin concentration and astringency", J Anim Sci, 75, pp.1633~1640 (1997)
- McNeill DM, "Condensed tannins in the genus Leucaena and their nutritional significance for ruminants", Proceedings of the Leucaena-Adaptation, Quality and Farming Systems, pp.205~214 (1998)
- Pimpa O, "Establishment of a feeding standard of beef cattle and a feed database for the indochiness peninsula", pp.86~89 (2009), JIRCAS
- A. Javaid, "Ruminal Characteristics, Blood pH, Blood Urea Nitrogen and Nitrogen Balance in Nili-ravi Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Bulls Fed Diets Containing Various Levels of Ruminally Degradable Protein", ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 21(1), pp.51~58 (2008), 아세아·태평양축산학회
- Mcdonald P, "Animal nutrition" (1995), Prentice Hall
- Howard H, "Intake, digestibility, N metabolism and growth in growing steers offered zero-grazed grass supplemented with sucrose", Agricultural Research Forum, 12~13 (2007)
- Stern MD, "Methods for determining and factors affecting rumen microbial protein synthesis: a review", J Anim Sci, 49, pp.1590~1603 (1979)
- Pathak AK, "Various factors affecting microbial protein synthesis in the rumen", Vet World, 1, pp.186~189 (2008)
- Waghorn GC, "Beneficial and detrimental effects of dietary condensed tannins for sustainable sheep and goat production—Progress and challenges", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 147, pp.116~139 (2008)