Evaluation of gaseous concentrations, bacterial diversity and microbial quantity in different layers of deep litter system
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Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the environment of the deep litter system and provided theoretical basis for production. Methods: The bedding samples were obtained from a pig breeding farm and series measurements associated with gases concentrations and the bacterial diversity as well as the quantity of Escherichia coli, Lactobacilli, Methanogens were performed in this paper. Results: The concentrations of CO2, CH4, and NH3 in the deep litter system increased with the increasing of depth while the N2O concentrations increased fiercely from the 0 cm to the –10 cm depth but then decreased beneath the –10 cm depth. Meanwhile, the Shannon index, the dominance index as well as the evenness index at the –20 cm layer was significantly different from the other layers (p<0.05). On the other hand, the quantity of Escherichia coli reached the highest value at the surface beddings and there was a significant drop at the –20 cm layer with the increasing depth. The Lactobacilli numbers increased with the depth from 0 cm to –15 cm and then decreased significantly under the –20 cm depth. The expression of Methanogens reached its largest value at the depth of –35 cm. Conclusion: The upper layers (0 cm to –5 cm) of this system were aerobic, the middle layers (–10 cm to –20 cm) were micro-aerobic, while that the bottom layers (below –20 cm depth) were anaerobic. In addition, from a standpoint of increasing the nitrification pathway and inhibiting the denitrification pathway, it should be advised that the deep litter system should be kept aerobic.
Abstract
Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the environment of the deep litter system and provided theoretical basis for production. Methods: The bedding samples were obtained from a pig breeding farm and series measurements associated with gases concentrations and the bacterial diversity as well as the quantity of Escherichia coli, Lactobacilli, Methanogens were performed in this paper. Results: The concentrations of CO2, CH4, and NH3 in the deep litter system increased with the increasing of depth while the N2O concentrations increased fiercely from the 0 cm to the –10 cm depth but then decreased beneath the –10 cm depth. Meanwhile, the Shannon index, the dominance index as well as the evenness index at the –20 cm layer was significantly different from the other layers (p<0.05). On the other hand, the quantity of Escherichia coli reached the highest value at the surface beddings and there was a significant drop at the –20 cm layer with the increasing depth. The Lactobacilli numbers increased with the depth from 0 cm to –15 cm and then decreased significantly under the –20 cm depth. The expression of Methanogens reached its largest value at the depth of –35 cm. Conclusion: The upper layers (0 cm to –5 cm) of this system were aerobic, the middle layers (–10 cm to –20 cm) were micro-aerobic, while that the bottom layers (below –20 cm depth) were anaerobic. In addition, from a standpoint of increasing the nitrification pathway and inhibiting the denitrification pathway, it should be advised that the deep litter system should be kept aerobic.
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