Effects of water addition to total mixed ration on water intake, nutrient digestibility, wool cortisol and blood indices in Corriedale ewes
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding water to total mixed ration (TMR) on fresh water intake, nutrient digestibility, wool cortisol, and blood indices in Corriedale ewes under hot and humid conditions. Methods: Nine non-pregnant Corriedale ewes (ave. body weight = 41±3.5 kg) were individually fed diets based on maintenance requirements in metabolic crates. Ewes were assigned to three treatment groups according to a triplicate 3×3 Latin Square design for 3 periods of 21 days duration each (9 ewes per treatment, 27 replications). Treatments were TMR (crude protein [CP] = 16.1, total digestible nutrients = 69.1%) moisture levels for 40%, 50%, and 60%. Results: No differences were found in body weight gain among all treatment groups (p>0.05). Nitrogen balance including digestible N, retained N, and urinary and fecal N showed no change among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Fresh water intake was the lower in 50% TMR moisture group than in the other groups (p<0.05). Other than ether extract which was higher in 60% TMR moisture group (p<0.05) the differences among nutrient digestibilities including CP, organic matter, dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and non-fiber carbohydrate were not significant (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed for serum protein, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, and triglyceride among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Wool and blood cortisol were not different among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Blood hematology including red blood cell, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, basophils, and eosinophils were not different among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that TMR moisture at 40%, 50%, and 60% had no effects on N balance parameters, and nutrient digestibilities except for the ether extract under hot and humid conditions. Additionally there were no effects on stress conditions include wool cortisol, as well as blood cortisol levels of ewes.
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding water to total mixed ration (TMR) on fresh water intake, nutrient digestibility, wool cortisol, and blood indices in Corriedale ewes under hot and humid conditions. Methods: Nine non-pregnant Corriedale ewes (ave. body weight = 41±3.5 kg) were individually fed diets based on maintenance requirements in metabolic crates. Ewes were assigned to three treatment groups according to a triplicate 3×3 Latin Square design for 3 periods of 21 days duration each (9 ewes per treatment, 27 replications). Treatments were TMR (crude protein [CP] = 16.1, total digestible nutrients = 69.1%) moisture levels for 40%, 50%, and 60%. Results: No differences were found in body weight gain among all treatment groups (p>0.05). Nitrogen balance including digestible N, retained N, and urinary and fecal N showed no change among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Fresh water intake was the lower in 50% TMR moisture group than in the other groups (p<0.05). Other than ether extract which was higher in 60% TMR moisture group (p<0.05) the differences among nutrient digestibilities including CP, organic matter, dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and non-fiber carbohydrate were not significant (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed for serum protein, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, and triglyceride among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Wool and blood cortisol were not different among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Blood hematology including red blood cell, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, basophils, and eosinophils were not different among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that TMR moisture at 40%, 50%, and 60% had no effects on N balance parameters, and nutrient digestibilities except for the ether extract under hot and humid conditions. Additionally there were no effects on stress conditions include wool cortisol, as well as blood cortisol levels of ewes.
참고문헌 (29)
- Miller-Cushon EK, "Effect of dietary dry matter concentration on the sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows fed a total mixed ration", J Dairy Sci, 92, pp.3292~3298 (2009)
- Felton CA, "Effect of water addition to a total mixed ration on feed temperature, feed intake, sorting behavior, and milk production of dairy cows", J Dairy Sci, 93, pp.2651~2660 (2010)
- Fish JA, "Short communication: Varying dietary dry matter concentration through water addition: Effect on nutrient intake and sorting of dairy cows in late lactation", J Dairy Sci, 95, pp.850~855 (2012)
- Schoen A, "Studies on the water balance of the East African goats", East Afr J Agric, 34, pp.256~262 (1968)
- Robinson PH, "Influence of moisture content of mixed rations on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows", J Dairy Sci, 73, pp.2916~2921 (1990)
- Khan MA, "Effects of particle size and moisture levels in mixed rations on the feeding behavior of dairy heifers", Animal, 8, pp.1722~1727 (2014)
- Ghassemi Nejad J, "Wool cortisol is a better indicator of stress than blood cortisol in ewes exposed to heat stress and water restriction", Animal, 8, pp.128~132 (2014)
- Ghassemi Nejad J, "Effects of water restriction after feeding during heat stress on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, blood profile and characteristics in Corriedale ewes", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 193, pp.1~8 (2014)
- Kaliber M, "Physiological and behavioral basis for the successful adaptation of goats to severe water restriction under hot environmental conditions", Animal, 10, pp.82~88 (2015)
- West JW, "Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle", J Dairy Sci, 86, pp.2131~2144 (2003)
- Ghassemi Nejad J, "Effects of water restriction following feeding on nutrient digestibilities, milk yield and composition and blood hormones in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions", Italian J Anim Sci, 14, pp.479~483 (2015)
- Ghassemi Nejad J, "Coat and hair color: hair cortisol and serotonin levels in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions", Anim Sci J, 88, pp.190~194 (2017)
- More T, "Observation on excretory pattern of sodium, potassium and water at different temperature", Indian J Anim Sci, 50, pp.182~186 (1980)
- Nazifi S, "The influences of thermal stress on serum biochemical parameters of dromedary camels and their correlation with thyroid activity", Comp Haematol Int, 9, pp.49~53 (1999)
- Onasanya GO, "Parameters influencing haematological, serum and bio-chemical references in livestock animals under different management systems", Open J Vet Med, 5, pp.181~189 (2015)
- Olbrich SE, "Effects of constant environmental temperatures of 10°C and 31°C on serum biochemist and hematologic measurements of heat tolerant and cold tolerant cattle", Comp Biochem Physiol, 41, pp.255~266 (1972)
- Ganaie AH, "Biochemical and physiological changes during thermal stress in Bovines", Vet Sci Technol, 4, pp.1~6 (2013)
- NRC, "Subcommittee on sheep nutrition, committee on animal nutrition, board on agriculture" (1985), National Academy Press
- AOAC, "International. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International" (1990), AOAC International
- El Shazly K, "Studies on the nutritive value of some common Egyptian feeding stuffs. I. Nitrogen retention and ruminal ammonia curves", J Agric Sci Camb, 51, pp.149~156 (1958)
- Van Soest PJ, "Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition", J Dairy Sci, 74, pp.3583~3597 (1991)
- Marai IFM, "Physiological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep–A review", Small Rumin Res, 71, pp.1~12 (2007)
- Yagil R, "The desert camel. Comparative physiological adaptation" (1985), Karger
- Kung LJr, "The effect of preservatives based on propionic acid on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage and a total mixed ration", J Dairy Sci, 81, pp.1322~1330 (1998)
- Eastridge ML, "Major advances in applied dairy cattle nutrition", J Dairy Sci, 89, pp.1311~1323 (2006)
- Silanikove N, "The struggle to maintain hydration and osmoregulation in animals experiencing severe dehydration and rapid rehydration: the story of ruminants", Exp Physiol, 79, pp.281~300 (1994)
- Leonardi C, "Effect of water addition on selective consumption (sorting) of dry diets by dairy cattle", J Dairy Sci, 88, pp.1043~1049 (2005)
- Kalra S, "The relationship between stress and hair cortisol in healthy pregnant women", Clin Invest Med, 30, pp.103~107 (2007)
- Roussel JD, "Temperature effect of blood cells, enzymes, and protein activity of beef bulls", J Anim Sci, 30, pp.327~331 (1970)