Determination and prediction of the digestible and metabolizable energy contents of corn germ meal in growing pigs
2
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: This experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition, digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of corn germ meals (CGM) and to develop equations to predict the corresponding energy contents based on the chemical characteristics of individual CGM. Methods: Sixty-six barrows (initial body weight = 51.3±4.6 kg) were allotted to 11 diets including a basal diet and 10 CGM test diets in a completely randomized design. In the test diets, CGM was included in replacement of 30% of the energy-providing ingredients in the basal diet, resulting in a final inclusion rate of 29.1%. Each diet was fed to 6 barrows housed in individual metabolism crates for a 7-d acclimation period followed by a 5-d total but separate collection of feces and urine. Results: Considerable variation was observed in acid-hydrolyzed ether extract, ether extract, ash, calcium (Ca) and total phosphorus contents among the CGM samples. On dry matter (DM) basis, the DE and ME contents of the CGM ranged from 10.22 to 15.83 MJ/kg and from 9.94 to 15.43 MJ/kg, respectively. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were negatively correlated with the DE and ME contents of CGM samples. The best-fit prediction equations for the DE and ME values (MJ/kg DM) of the 10 CGM were: DE = 26.85–0.28 insoluble dietary fiber (%)–17.79 Ca (%); ME = 21.05–0.43 ADF (%)–11.40 Ca (%). Conclusion: The chemical compositions of CGM vary depending on sources, particularly in ether extract and Ca. The DE and ME values of CGM can be predicted based on their chemical composition in growing pigs.
Abstract
Objective: This experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition, digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of corn germ meals (CGM) and to develop equations to predict the corresponding energy contents based on the chemical characteristics of individual CGM. Methods: Sixty-six barrows (initial body weight = 51.3±4.6 kg) were allotted to 11 diets including a basal diet and 10 CGM test diets in a completely randomized design. In the test diets, CGM was included in replacement of 30% of the energy-providing ingredients in the basal diet, resulting in a final inclusion rate of 29.1%. Each diet was fed to 6 barrows housed in individual metabolism crates for a 7-d acclimation period followed by a 5-d total but separate collection of feces and urine. Results: Considerable variation was observed in acid-hydrolyzed ether extract, ether extract, ash, calcium (Ca) and total phosphorus contents among the CGM samples. On dry matter (DM) basis, the DE and ME contents of the CGM ranged from 10.22 to 15.83 MJ/kg and from 9.94 to 15.43 MJ/kg, respectively. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were negatively correlated with the DE and ME contents of CGM samples. The best-fit prediction equations for the DE and ME values (MJ/kg DM) of the 10 CGM were: DE = 26.85–0.28 insoluble dietary fiber (%)–17.79 Ca (%); ME = 21.05–0.43 ADF (%)–11.40 Ca (%). Conclusion: The chemical compositions of CGM vary depending on sources, particularly in ether extract and Ca. The DE and ME values of CGM can be predicted based on their chemical composition in growing pigs.
참고문헌 (31)
- Stock RA, "Review of new information on the use of wet and dry milling feed by-products in feedlot diets", Proceedings of the American Society of Animal Science (1999), University of Nebraska
- Li MH, "Use of corn meal in diets for pond-raised channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus", J World Aquac Soc, 44, pp.282~287 (2013)
- Solvent-extracted germ meal, corn bran and steep liquor blends for finishing steers, "Herold D", Nebraska Beef Cattle, 337~ (1998)
- da Silva EC, "Replacement of corn meal by corn germ meal in lamb diets", Pesq Agropec Bras, 48, pp.442~449 (2013)
- Soares LLP, "Defatted corn germ meal to swine in the growing and finishing phases", R Bras Zootec, 33, pp.1768~1776 (2004)
- Weber TE, "Evaluation of elevated dietary corn fiber from corn germ meal in growing female pigs", J Anim Sci, 88, pp.192~201 (2010)
- Anderson PV, "Determination and prediction of digestible and metabolizable energy from chemical analysis of corn coproducts fed to finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 90, pp.1242~1254 (2012)
- Brunelli SR, "Feeding increasing defatted corn germ meal levels to broiler chickens", R Bras Zootec, 35, pp.1349~1358 (2006)
- Almeida FN, "Digestibility of amino acids in corn, corn coproducts, and bakery meal fed to growing pigs", J Anim Sci, 89, pp.4109~4115 (2011)
- Rodrigues PB, "Energy values of millet, corn and corn byproducts, determined with broilers and adult cockerels", Rev Bras Zootec, 30, pp.1767~1778 (2001)
- Ji Y, "Nutritional value of 15 corn gluten meals for growing pigs : chemical composition, energy content and amino acid digestibility", Arch Anim Nutr, 66, pp.283~302 (2012)
- Noblet J, "Prediction of digestibility of nutrients and energy values of pig diets from chemical analysis", J Anim Sci, 71, pp.3389~3398 (1993)
- Pedersen C, "Digestibility of energy and phosphorus in ten samples of distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs", J Anim Sci, 85, pp.1168~1176 (2007)
- Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Swine, "Nutrient requirements of swine" (2012), National Academy Press
- Adeola O, "Swine nutrition", pp.903~916 (2001), CRC Press
- Song GL, "Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and the digestible and metabolizable energy content of high-oil corn varieties and its effects on growth performance of pigs", Arch Anim Nutr, 57, pp.297~306 (2003)
- Ren P, "Determination of energy and amino acid digestibility in growing pigs fed corn distillers’ dried grains with solubles containing different lipid levels", Arch Anim Nutr, 65, pp.303~319 (2011)
- J.T. Li, "Evaluation of Energy Digestibility and Prediction of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy from Chemical Composition of Different Cottonseed Meal Sources Fed to Growing Pigs", Animal Bioscience, 25(10), pp.1430~1438 (2012), 아세아·태평양축산학회[DOI]
- AOAC, "Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists" (2005), AOAC International
- Van Soest PJ, "Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition", J Dairy Sci, 74, pp.3583~3597 (1991)
- Prosky L, "Determination of total dietary fiber in foods, food products and total diets: Interlaboratorial Study", J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 67, pp.1044~1052 (1984)
- Prosky L, "Determination of insoluble, soluble and total dietary fiber in foods and food products : Collaborative study", J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 75, pp.360~367 (1992)
- European Economic Community, "Analytical determination of starch: Off. J. Eur. Communities Publ. No. 123", pp.7~ (1972), European Economic Community
- Cowieson AJ, "Factors that affect the nutritional value of maize for broilers", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 119, pp.293~305 (2005)
- Stein HH, "Nutritional value of feed ingredients of plant origin fed to pigs", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 218, pp.33~69 (2016)
- Noblet J, "Effect of dietary fiber on the energy value of feeds for pigs", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 90, pp.35~52 (2001)
- Blaxter KL, "Energy metabolism in animals and man" (1989), Cambridge University Press
- Zijlstra RT, "Nutritional value of wheat for growing pigs : Chemical composition and digestible energy content", Can J Anim Sci, 79, pp.187~194 (1999)
- Kerr BJ, "Digestible and metabolizable energy content of crude glycerin originating from different sources in nursery pigs", J Anim Sci, 87, pp.4042~4049 (2009)
- Kim JC, "Variation in digestible energy content of Australian sweet lupins (L.) and the development of prediction equations for its estimation", J Anim Sci, 87, pp.2565~2573 (2009)
- Cozannet P, "Energy value of wheat distillers dried grains with soluble for growing pigs and adult sows", J Anim Sci, 88, pp.2382~2392 (2010)