Relationship between Psychological Correlates and Empathy in Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective Empathy is important in the education of medical students. Many psychosocial variables are related to empathy. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between empathy and psychosocial factors such as burnout, personality, self-esteem, and resilience. Methods The participants completed a set of self-reporting questionnaires, including questions related to socio-demographic characteristics, the Korean edition of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, student version (JSE-S-K), Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBIGS), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (R-SES), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Partial correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results In male students, there were positive correlations between JSE-S-K and R-SES (r=0.229, p=0.002); conscientiousness of the NEO-FFI (r=0.153, p=0.037) and negative correlations, specifically between JSE-S-K and depersonalization of MBI (r=-0.206, p=0.005). In female students, there was positive correlations between JSE-S-K and personal accomplishment of MBI (r=0.384, p=0.004). In the multiple regression model, the JSE-S-K was affected by conscientiousness of the NEO-FFI (adjusted R2=0.245, β=0.201, p=0.001); depersonalization, personal accomplishment of the MBI-GS (β=-0.188, p=0.001, β=0.143, p=0.017); R-SES (β=0.176, p=0.004); sex (β=0.117, p=0.029). Conclusion The present findings suggested that conscientiousness, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, self-esteem and sex have an influence on empathy. Therefore, these must be considered in medical education and can be helpful to nurture more empathetic doctors.
Abstract
Objective Empathy is important in the education of medical students. Many psychosocial variables are related to empathy. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between empathy and psychosocial factors such as burnout, personality, self-esteem, and resilience. Methods The participants completed a set of self-reporting questionnaires, including questions related to socio-demographic characteristics, the Korean edition of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, student version (JSE-S-K), Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBIGS), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (R-SES), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Partial correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results In male students, there were positive correlations between JSE-S-K and R-SES (r=0.229, p=0.002); conscientiousness of the NEO-FFI (r=0.153, p=0.037) and negative correlations, specifically between JSE-S-K and depersonalization of MBI (r=-0.206, p=0.005). In female students, there was positive correlations between JSE-S-K and personal accomplishment of MBI (r=0.384, p=0.004). In the multiple regression model, the JSE-S-K was affected by conscientiousness of the NEO-FFI (adjusted R2=0.245, β=0.201, p=0.001); depersonalization, personal accomplishment of the MBI-GS (β=-0.188, p=0.001, β=0.143, p=0.017); R-SES (β=0.176, p=0.004); sex (β=0.117, p=0.029). Conclusion The present findings suggested that conscientiousness, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, self-esteem and sex have an influence on empathy. Therefore, these must be considered in medical education and can be helpful to nurture more empathetic doctors.
참고문헌 (50)
- Clinical Psychiatry, "Kaplan & Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry. Behavioral Sciences", pp.2015, Sadock BJ
- Hojat M, "Physician empathy : definition, components, measurement, and relationship to gender and specialty", Am J Psychiatry, 159, pp.1563~1569 (2002)
- Glaser KM, "Relationships between scores on the Jefferson Scale of physician empathy, patient perceptions of physician empathy, and humanistic approaches to patient care : a validity study", Med Sci Monit, 13, pp.291~294 (2007)
- "Learning objectives for medical student education--guidelines for medical schools: report I of the Medical School Objectives Project", Acad Med, 74, pp.13~18 (1999)
- Jeon WT, "Present and future of Korean medical education – the role of Yonsei University`s medical education", Yonsei J Med History, 20, pp.51~68 (2017)
- Cole DA, "Empirical and conceptual problems with longitudinal trait-state models : introducing a trait-state-occasion model", Psychol Methods, 10, pp.3~20 (2005)
- Hojat M, "Empathy in Health Professions Education and Patient Care" (2016), Springer
- Hojat M, "The Jefferson Scale Of Physician Empathy : development and preliminary psychometric data", Educ Psychol Meas, 61, pp.349~365 (2001)
- Kataoka HU, "Measurement of empathy among Japanese medical students : psychometrics and score differences by gender and level of medical education", Acad Med, 84, pp.1192~1197 (2009)
- 이병국, "의과대학생 및 의학전문대학원생의 공감 능력과 학제, 학년 그리고 성격의 연관성", Korean Journal of Medical Education, 21(2), pp.117~124 (2009), 한국의학교육학회
- Walocha ET, "Empathy and burnout among physicians of different specialities", Folia Med Cracov, 53, pp.35~42 (2013)
- Shanafelt TD, "The well-being of physicians", Am J Med, 114, pp.513~519 (2003)
- Brazeau CM, "Relationships between medical student burnout, empathy, and professionalism climate", Acad Med, 85, pp.S33~S36 (2010)
- Hojat M, "Underlying construct of empathy, optimism, and burnout in medical students", Int J Med Educ, 6, pp.12~16 (2015)
- Epstein RM, "Physician Resilience : what it means, why it mattes and how to promote it", Acad Med, 88, pp.301~303 (2013)
- Olson K, "What factors promote resilience and protect against burnout in first year pediatric and medicine pediatric residents?", J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med, 20, pp.192~198 (2015)
- Hojat M, "Personality assessments and outcomes in medical education and the practice of medicine: AMEE Guide No. 79", Med Teach, 35, pp.e1267~e1301 (2013)
- Costa P, "Associations between medical student empathy and personality : a multi-institutional study", PLoS One, 9, pp.e89254~ (2014)
- Magalhaes E, "Empathy of medical students and personality : evidence from the Five-Factor Model", Med Teach, 34, pp.807~812 (2012)
- Cone VP, "Self-Esteem’s Relations to Empathy and Parenting", PSYCT, 9, pp.184~196 (2016)
- Passanisi A, "Parental bonding, self-esteem and theory of mind among locals and immigrants", Procedia Soc Behav Sci, 47, pp.1702~1706 (2015)
- Stotland E, "Empathy, self-esteem and birth order", J Abnorm Soc Psychol, 66, pp.532~540 (1963)
- Eisenberg N, "Visions of Compassion: Western Scientists and Tibethan Buddhists Examine Human Nature", pp.131~164 (2002), Oxford University Press
- Eisenberg N, "The Social Neuroscience of Empathy", pp.71~83 (2009), The MIT press
- Laible DJ, "Pathways to self-esteem in late adolescence : The role of parent and peer attachment, empathy, and social behavior", J Adolesc, 27, pp.703~716 (2004)
- Hong M, "Changes of empathy in medical college and medical school students : 1-year follow up study", BMC Med Educ, 12, pp.122~ (2012)
- 박찬민, "A Multicenter Study Investigating Empathy and Burnout Characteristics in Medical Residents with Various Specialties", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 31(4), pp.590~597 (2016), 대한의학회
- Hong M, "Empathy in Korean psychiatric residents", Asia Pac Psychiatry, 3, pp.83~90 (2011)
- Roh MS, "Evaluation of empathy among Korean medical students : a cross-sectional study using the Korean Version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy", Teach Learn Med, 22, pp.167~171 (2010)
- Maslach C, "Job burnout", Annu Rev Psycho, 52, pp.397~422 (2001)
- 강정희, "말라크 소진 측정도구(Maslach Burnout Inventory)의 적용가능성 평가", 성인간호학회지, 24(1), pp.31~37 (2012), 한국성인간호학회
- Connor KM, "Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)", Depress Anxiety, 18, pp.76~82 (2003)
- 백현숙, "Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale", PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION, 7(2), pp.109~115 (2010), 대한신경정신의학회
- Rosenberg M, "Society and the Adolescnt Self Image" (1965), Princeton University Press
- Lee YJ, "Relations of Stress, Social Support, and Self-Esteem to Depression and Anxiety", pp.1994
- Costa PT, "Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PIR) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI): Professional Manual", Psychological Assessment Resources, ~ (1992)
- Lievens F, "Medical students’ personality characteristics and academic performance : a five-factor model perspective", Med Educ, 36, pp.1050~1056 (2002)
- Ahn CK, "Standardization of the Korean version of the revised NEO Personality Inventory", Korean J Counsel and Psychother, 9, pp.443~473 (1997)
- Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Science, "Cohen J", Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, ~ (1988)
- Hojat M, "Empathy in medical students as related to academic performance, clinical competence and gender", Med Educ, 36, pp.522~527 (2002)
- Roberts BW, "Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Behavior", pp.369~381 (2009), Guilford
- Song Y, "Associations between empathy and big five personality traits among chinese undergraduate medical students", PLoS One, 12, pp.e0171665~ (2017)
- Paro HB, "Empathy among medical students: is there a relation with quality of life and burnout?", PLoS One, 9, pp.e94133~ (2014)
- Purvanova RK, "Gender differences in burmout : a meta-analysis", J Vocat Behav, 77, pp.168~185 (2010)
- Chandavarkar U, "Anxiety symptoms and perceived performance in medical students", Depress Anxiety, 24, pp.103~111 (2007)
- Josephs RA, "Gender and self-esteem", J Pers Soc Psychol, 63, pp.391~402 (1992)
- Hojat M, "The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: further psychometric data and differences by gender and specialty at item level", Acad Med, 77(10 Suppl), pp.S58~S60 (2002)
- Krasner MS, "Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians", JAMA, 302, pp.1284~1293 (2009)
- Shapiro SL, "Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students", J Behav Med, 21, pp.581~599 (1998)
- Michael K, "The direct and indirect benefits of dispositional mindfulness on self-esteem and social anxiety", Anxiety Stress Coping, 24, pp.227~233 (2010)
