The Impact of Emotional Exhaustion on Psychological Factors in Workers with Secondary Traumatic Experiences: A Multi-Group Path Analysis
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective The objective of the present study was to explore causal pathways to understand how second traumatic experiences could affect the development of emotional exhaustion and psychiatric problems.Methods A total of 582 workers who had jobs vulnerable to secondary traumatic experiences were enrolled for this study. Emotional exhaustion, secondary trauma, resilience, perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and sleep problems were evaluated. A model with pathways from secondary traumatic experience score to depression and anxiety was proposed. The participants were divided into three groups according to the resilience: the low, middle and high resilience group.Results Resilience was a meaningful moderator between secondary traumatic experiences and psychiatric problems. In the path model, the secondary trauma and perceived stress directly and indirectly predicted perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, depression, anxiety, and sleep problems in all three groups. Direct effects of perceived stress on depression and anxiety were the largest in the low resilience group. However, direct effects of secondary trauma on perceived stress and emotional exhaustion were the largest in the high resilience group.Conclusion Understanding the needs of focusing for distinct psychological factors offers a valuable direction for the development of intervention programs to prevent emotional exhaustion among workers with secondary traumatic experiences.
Abstract
Objective The objective of the present study was to explore causal pathways to understand how second traumatic experiences could affect the development of emotional exhaustion and psychiatric problems.Methods A total of 582 workers who had jobs vulnerable to secondary traumatic experiences were enrolled for this study. Emotional exhaustion, secondary trauma, resilience, perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and sleep problems were evaluated. A model with pathways from secondary traumatic experience score to depression and anxiety was proposed. The participants were divided into three groups according to the resilience: the low, middle and high resilience group.Results Resilience was a meaningful moderator between secondary traumatic experiences and psychiatric problems. In the path model, the secondary trauma and perceived stress directly and indirectly predicted perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, depression, anxiety, and sleep problems in all three groups. Direct effects of perceived stress on depression and anxiety were the largest in the low resilience group. However, direct effects of secondary trauma on perceived stress and emotional exhaustion were the largest in the high resilience group.Conclusion Understanding the needs of focusing for distinct psychological factors offers a valuable direction for the development of intervention programs to prevent emotional exhaustion among workers with secondary traumatic experiences.
참고문헌 (52)
- Figley CR, "Compassion Fatigue as Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder: An Overview", pp.1995, Brunner
- Newell JM, "Professional burnout, vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue : A review of theoretical terms, risk factors, and preventive methods for clinicians and researchers", Best Pract Ment Health Int J, 6, pp.57~68 (2010)
- Palm KM, "Vicarious traumatization : potential hazards and interventions for disaster and trauma workers", Prehosp Disaster Med, 19, pp.73~78 (2004)
- Salston M, "Secondary traumatic stress effects of working with survivors of criminal victimization", J Trauma Stress, 16, pp.167~174 (2003)
- Adams RE, "Compassion fatigue and psychological distress among social workers : a validation study", Am J Orthopsychiatry, 76, pp.103~108 (2006)
- Bride BE, "Measuring compassion fatigue", Clin Soc Work J, 35, pp.155~163 (2007)
- Maslach C, "Job burnout", Annu Rev Psychol, 52, pp.397~422 (2001)
- Wright TA, "Emotional exhaustion as a predictor of job performance and voluntary turnover", J Appl Psychol, 83, pp.486~493 (1998)
- Sodeke-Gregson EA, "Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress in UK therapists who work with adult trauma clients", Eur J Psychotraumatol, 4 (2013)
- Prosser D, "Mental health, “burnout’ and job satisfaction among hospital and community-based mental health staff", Br J Psychiatry, 169, pp.334~337 (1996)
- Grant HB, "An exploratory study of police officers : low compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue", Front Psychol, 9, pp.2793~ (2018)
- Greinacher A, "Secondary traumatization in first responders : a systematic review", Eur J Psychotraumatol, 10, pp.1562840~ (2019)
- Hall LH, "Healthcare staff wellbeing, burnout, and patient safety : a systematic review", PLoS One, 11, pp.e0159015~ (2016)
- Salyers MP, "The relationship between professional burnout and quality and safety in healthcare : a meta-analysis", J Gen Intern Med, 32, pp.475~482 (2017)
- Papathanasiou IV, "Work-related mental consequences : mplications of burnout on mental health status among health care roviders", Acta Inform Med, 23, pp.22~28 (2015)
- Bum-Sung Choi, "Factors Associated with Emotional Exhaustion in South Korean Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study", PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION, 15(7), pp.670~676 (2018), 대한신경정신의학회[DOI]
- Glass D, "Perceived control, depressive symptomatology, and professional burnout : A review of the evidence", Psychol Health, 11, pp.23~48 (1996)
- Glass DC, "Depression, burnout, and perceptions of control in hospital nurses", J Consult Clin Psychol, 61, pp.147~155 (1993)
- Edward KL, "The phenomenon of resilience in crisis care mental health clinicians", Int J Ment Health Nurs, 14, pp.142~148 (2005)
- Howard S, "Resilient teachers : resisting stress and burnout", Soc Psychol Educ, 7, pp.399~420 (2004)
- Manzano G, "Emotional exhaustion of nursing staff : influence of emotional annoyance and resilience", Int Nurs Rev, 59, pp.101~107 (2012)
- Ying L, "Traumatic severity and trait resilience as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake", PLoS One, 9, pp.e89401~ (2014)
- 신강현, "일반직 종사자를 위한 직무 소직 척도(MBI-GS)에 대한 타당화 연구", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 16(3), pp.1~17 (2003), 한국산업및조직심리학회
- Poghosyan L, "Factor structure of the Maslach burnout inventory : an analysis of data from large scale cross-sectional surveys of nurses from eight countries", Int J Nurs Stud, 46, pp.894~902 (2009)
- Gaines J, "Emotional exhaustion in a high stress organization", Acad Manag J, 26, pp.567~586 (1983)
- Sonnentag S, "On stressors, emotional exhaustion, and need for recovery : a multi-source study on the benefits of psychological detachment", J Vocation Behav, 76, pp.355~365 (2010)
- Spitzer RL, "A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder : the GAD-7", Arch Intern Med, 166, pp.1092~1097 (2006)
- Kroenke K, "The PHQ-9 : validity of a brief depression severity measure", J Gen Intern Med, 16, pp.606~613 (2001)
- Bride, BE, "Development and validation of the secondary traumatic stress scale", Res Soc Work Pract, 14, pp.27~35 (2004)
- Cohen S, "A global measure of perceived stress", J Health Soc Behav, 24, pp.385~396 (1983)
- Yi H, "Development of the sleep quality scale", J Sleep Res, 15, pp.309~316 (2006)
- Curran PJ, "The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis", Psychol Methods, 1, pp.16~29 (1996)
- Kline RB, "Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling" (2011), The Guilford Press
- Gilroy PJ, "A preliminary survey of counseling psychologists’ personal experiences with depression and treatment", Prof Psychol Res Pract, 33, pp.402~407 (2002)
- Shoji K, "What comes first, job burnout or secondary traumatic stress? Findings from two longitudinal studies from the U. S. and Poland", PLoS One, 10, pp.e0136730~ (2015)
- Buysse DJ, "Prevalence, course, and comorbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults", Sleep, 31, pp.473~480 (2008)
- Demerouti E, "The job demands-resources model of burnout", J Appl Psychol, 86, pp.499~512 (2001)
- Iacovides A, "Burnout in nursing staff : is there a relationship between depression and burnout", Int J Psychiatry Med, 29, pp.421~433 (1999)
- Duquette A, "Factors related to nursing burnout : a review of empirical knowledge", Issues Ment Health Nurs, 15, pp.337~358 (1994)
- Iacovides A, "The relationship between job stress, burnout and clinical depression", J Affect Disord, 75, pp.209~221 (2003)
- Tanaka JS, "Confirmatory hierarchical factor analysis of psychological distress measures", J Pers Soc Psychol, 46, pp.621~635 (1984)
- Firth H, "Professional depression, ‘burnout’ and personality in longstay nursing", Int J Nurs Stud, 24, pp.227~237 (1987)
- van Servellen G, "Personality hardiness, work-related stress, and health in hospital nurses", Hosp Top, 72, pp.34~39 (1994)
- Hobfoll SE, "Conservation of resources. A new attempt at conceptualizing stress", Am Psychol, 44, pp.513~524 (1989)
- Cieslak R, "A meta-analysis of the relationship between job burnout and secondary traumatic stress among workers with indirect exposure to trauma", Psychol Serv, 11, pp.75~86 (2014)
- Bonanno GA, "Clarifying and extending the construct of adult resilience", Am Psychol, 60, pp.265~267 (2005)
- Ong AD, "Psychological resilience predicts decreases in pain catastrophizing through positive emotions", Psychol Aging, 25, pp.516~523 (2010)
- Block J, "IQ and ego-resiliency : conceptual and empirical connections and separateness", J Pers Soc Psychol, 70, pp.349~361 (1996)
- Ong AD, "Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life", J Pers Soc Psychol, 91, pp.730~749 (2006)
- Tugade MM, "Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences", J Pers Soc Psychol, 86, pp.320~333 (2004)
- Waugh CE, "Flexible emotional responsiveness in trait resilience", Emotion, 11, pp.1059~1067 (2011)
- Pinquart M, "Moderating effects of dispositional resilience on associations between hassles and psychological distress", J Appl Dev Psychol, 30, pp.53~60 (2009)
