Comparison for immunophysiological responses of Jeju and Thoroughbred horses after exercise
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: The study was conducted to investigate variations in the immunophysiological responses to exercise-induced stress in Jeju and Thoroughbred horses. Methods: Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of adult Jeju (n = 5) and Thoroughbred (n = 5) horses before and after 30 min of exercise. The hematological, biochemical, and immunological profiles of the blood samples were analyzed. Blood smears were stained and observed under a microscope. The concentration of cell-free (cf) DNA in the plasma was determined using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear cells were separated using Polymorphprep, and the expression of various stress-related and chemokine receptor genes was measured using reverse transcriptase (RT) and real-time PCR. Results: After exercise, Jeju and Thoroughbred horses displayed stress responses with significantly increased rectal temperatures, cortisol levels, and muscle catabolism-associated metabolites. Red blood cell indices were significantly higher in Thoroughbred horses than in Jeju horses after exercise. In addition, exercise-induced stress triggered the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and reduced platelet counts in Jeju horses but not in Thoroughbred horses. Heat shock protein 72 and heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 6 expression is rapidly modulated in response to exercise-induced stress in the PBMCs of Jeju horses. The expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 in PBMCs was higher in Thoroughbred horses than in Jeju horses after exercise. Conclusion: In summary, the different immunophysiological responses of Jeju and Thoroughbred horses explain the differences in the physiological and anatomical properties of the two breeds. The physiology of Thoroughbred horses makes them suitable for racing as they are less sensitive to exercise-induced stress compared to that of Jeju horses. This study provides a basis for investigating the link between exercise-induced stresses and the physiological alteration of horses. Hence, our findings show that some of assessed parameters could be used to determine the endurance performance of horses.
Abstract
Objective: The study was conducted to investigate variations in the immunophysiological responses to exercise-induced stress in Jeju and Thoroughbred horses. Methods: Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of adult Jeju (n = 5) and Thoroughbred (n = 5) horses before and after 30 min of exercise. The hematological, biochemical, and immunological profiles of the blood samples were analyzed. Blood smears were stained and observed under a microscope. The concentration of cell-free (cf) DNA in the plasma was determined using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear cells were separated using Polymorphprep, and the expression of various stress-related and chemokine receptor genes was measured using reverse transcriptase (RT) and real-time PCR. Results: After exercise, Jeju and Thoroughbred horses displayed stress responses with significantly increased rectal temperatures, cortisol levels, and muscle catabolism-associated metabolites. Red blood cell indices were significantly higher in Thoroughbred horses than in Jeju horses after exercise. In addition, exercise-induced stress triggered the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and reduced platelet counts in Jeju horses but not in Thoroughbred horses. Heat shock protein 72 and heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 6 expression is rapidly modulated in response to exercise-induced stress in the PBMCs of Jeju horses. The expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 in PBMCs was higher in Thoroughbred horses than in Jeju horses after exercise. Conclusion: In summary, the different immunophysiological responses of Jeju and Thoroughbred horses explain the differences in the physiological and anatomical properties of the two breeds. The physiology of Thoroughbred horses makes them suitable for racing as they are less sensitive to exercise-induced stress compared to that of Jeju horses. This study provides a basis for investigating the link between exercise-induced stresses and the physiological alteration of horses. Hence, our findings show that some of assessed parameters could be used to determine the endurance performance of horses.
참고문헌 (30)
- Lee JH, "Identification of genes with nonsynonymous SNP in Jeju horse by whole-genome resequencing reveals a functional role for immune response1", J Anim Sci, 94, pp.895~901 (2016)[DOI]
- Kyoung-KapLee, "Genetic Polymorphism of the Serum Proteins of Horses in Jeju", Journal of Veterinary Science, 3(4), pp.255~263 (2002), 대한수의학회
- Choi SK, "Genetic characterization and polymorphisms for parentage testing of the Jeju horse using 20 microsatellite loci", J Vet Med Sci, 70, pp.1111~1115 (2008)[DOI]
- McGreevy P, "How riding may affect welfare: What the equine veterinarian needs to know", Equine Vet Educ, 23, pp.531~539 (2011)[DOI]
- Ghosh M, "Comparative transcriptomic analyses by rna-seq to elucidate differentially expressed genes in the muscle of Korean Thoroughbred horses", Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 180, pp.588~608 (2016)[DOI]
- Gim JA, "HEpD : a database describing epigenetic differences between Thoroughbred and Jeju horses", Gene, 560, pp.83~88 (2015)[DOI]
- Hong-Sik Kong, "Genetic diversity of Halla horses using microsatellite markers", 한국축산학회지, 58(11), pp.1~5 (2016), 한국축산학회
- 김남영, "Genome-wide analyses of the Jeju, Thoroughbred, and Jeju crossbred horse populations using the high density SNP array", Genes & Genomics, 40(11), pp.1249~1258 (2018), 한국유전학회[DOI]
- Noble EG, "Heat shock proteins and exercise : a primer", Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 33, pp.1050~1065 (2008)[DOI]
- Burton DA, "Physiological effects of exercise", BJA Educ, 4, pp.185~188 (2004)[DOI]
- Booth FW, "Exercise and gene expression : physiological regulation of the human genome through physical activity", J Physiol, 543, pp.399~411 (2002)[DOI]
- Jones WE, "Scientific training", J Equine Vet Sci, 25, pp.320~321 (2005)[DOI]
- Breitbach S, "Direct quantification of cell-free, circulating DNA from unpurified plasma", PLoS One, 9, pp.e87838~ (2014)[DOI]
- Mairbaurl H, "Red blood cells in sports : effects of exercise and training on oxygen supply by red blood cells", Front Physiol, 4, pp.332~ (2013)[DOI]
- Beiter T, "Neutrophils release extracellular DNA traps in response to exercise", J Appl Physiol, 117, pp.325~333 (2014)[DOI]
- Carestia A, "Platelets : New Bricks in the Building of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps", Front Immunol, 7, pp.271~ (2016)[DOI]
- Velders M, "Exercise is a potent stimulus for enhancing circulating DNase activity", Clin Biochem, 47, pp.471~474 (2014)[DOI]
- Cappelli K, "Exercise induced stress in horses : Selection of the most stable reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR normalization", BMC Mol Biol, 9, pp.49~ (2008)[DOI]
- 이효건, "The effect of heat stress on frame switch splicing of X-box binding protein 1 gene in horse", Animal Bioscience, 32(8), pp.1095~1103 (2019), 아세아·태평양축산학회[DOI]
- 이효건, "Effects of exercise on myokine gene expression in horse skeletal muscles", Animal Bioscience, 32(3), pp.350~356 (2019), 아세아·태평양축산학회[DOI]
- Carlotti APCP, "Indicators of lean body mass catabolism : emphasis on the creatinine excretion rate", QJM-Int J Med, 101, pp.197~205 (2008)[DOI]
- Heinicke K, "Blood volume and hemoglobin mass in elite athletes of different disciplines", Int J Sports Med, 22, pp.504~512 (2001)[DOI]
- Walsh NP, "Position statement. Part one : Immune function and exercise", Exerc Immunol Rev, 17, pp.6~63 (2011)
- Breitbach S, "Circulating cell-free DNA : an up-coming molecular marker in exercise physiology", Sports Med, 42, pp.565~586 (2012)[DOI]
- de Bont CM, "NETosis, complement, and coagulation : a triangular relationship", Cell Mol Immunol, 16, pp.19~27 (2019)[DOI]
- Gjevestad GO, "Effects of exercise on gene expression of inflammatory markers in human peripheral blood cells : a systematic review", Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep, 9, pp.34~ (2015)[DOI]
- Connolly PH, "Effects of exercise on gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells", J Appl Physiol, 97, pp.1461~1469 (2004)[DOI]
- Radom-Aizik S, "Effects of 30 min of aerobic exercise on gene expression in human neutrophils", J Appl Physiol, 104, pp.236~243 (2008)[DOI]
- Yang W, "Skeletal muscle regeneration is modulated by inflammation", J Orthop Translat[DOI]
- Okutsu M, "Cortisol-induced CXCR4 augmentation mobilizes T lymphocytes after acute physical stress", Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 288, pp.R591~9 (2005)[DOI]