당과 후기당화합물에 의한 사구체 상피세포 ZO-1 발현의 변화
Effects of High Glucose and Advanced Glycosylation Endproducts (AGE) onZO-1 Expression in cultured Glomerular Epithelial Cells (GEpC)
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목 적 : 단백뇨 질환에서 볼 수 있는 사구체 상피세포(glomerular epithelial cells, GEpC) 족돌기(foot process)의 병리학적 변화에 있어서 GEpC사이의 세극막(slit diaphragm)과 세포골격을 연결하는 ZO-1 단백의 당뇨조건에 따른 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 백서 GEpC을 배양하고 고농도의 당과 후기당화합물(advanced glycosylation endproducts, AGE)를 적용하여 당뇨병 환경에 가까운 조건을 설정한 후, ZO-1 단백양은 Western 분석으로, 분포 변화는 공초점 현미경으로, 유전자 표현의 변화는 RT-PCR로 관찰하였다. 실험군은 당의 농도를 5 또는 30 mM로, AGE와 BSA를 첨가하고 osmotic control로서 당 5 mM에 mannitol 25 mM을 섞은 것을 조합하여 A5, A30, B5, B30, Aosm로 하였다. 결 과 : 공초점 현미경 상 ZO-1은 정상적인 환경인 B5에서 B30, A5, 가장 병적인 A30 환경으로 진행할수록 세포질의 바깥에서 안쪽으로 이동하는 양상을 보였다. ZO-1 단백양은 B5 결과를 대조군으로 비교하여 당을 첨가한 B30에서 11.1%, AGE를 추가한 조건인 A5에서 2.3% 감소하였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었고, 당과 AGE가 동시에 첨가된 A30에서는 19.0%의 유의한 감소를 보였다. mRNA의 발현도 A30에서만 12.0%의 의의 있는 감소를 보였다. 이러한 단백질과 mRNA의 감소 소견은 osmotic control (Aosm)에서는 관찰할 수 없었다. 결 론:고농도의 당과 AGE에 의한 GEpC의 ZO-1의 분포 변화와 유전자 수준에서의 억제로 단백의 생성 감소를 초래함으로써, 장기간 당뇨환경에서 족돌기의 형태학적 변화를 설명할 수 있으며, 추후 이의 변화 기전에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Purpose:Regardless of the underlying diseases, the proteinuric condition demonstrates ultrastructural changes in podocytes with retraction and effacement of the highly specialized interdigitating foot processes. We examined the molecular basis for this alteration of the podocyte phenotypes, including quantitative and distributional changes of ZO-1 protein as a candidate contributing to the pathogenic changes in the barrier to protein filtration. Methods:To investigate whether high glucose and advanced glycosylation endproduct(AGE) induce podocyte cytoskeletal changes, we cultured rat GEpC under 1) normal glucose(5 mM, =control) or 2) high glucose(30 mM) or 3) AGE-added or 4) high glucose plus AGE-added conditions. The distribution of ZO-1 was observed by confocal microscope and the change of ZO-1 expression was measured by Western blotting and RT-PCR. Results:By confocal microscopy, we observed that ZO-1 moves from peripheral cytoplasm to inner actin filaments complexes in both AGE-added and high glucose condition. In Western blotting, high glucose or AGE-added condition decreased the ZO-1 protein expression by 11.1%(P>0.05) and 2.3%(P>0.05), respectively compared to the normal glucose condition. High glucose plus AGE-added condition further decreased ZO-1 protein expression to statistically significant level(12%, P<0.05). No significant change was seen in the osmotic control. In RT-PCR, high glucose plus AGE-added condition significantly decreased the expression of ZO-1 mRNA by 12% compared to normal glucose condition. Conclusion:We suggest that both high glucose and AGE-added condition induce the cytoplasmic translocation and suppresses the production of ZO-1 at transcriptional level and these changes may explain the functional changes of podocytes in diabetic conditions.
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