Corn stover usage and farm profit for sustainable dairy farming in China
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: This study determined the optimal ratio of whole plant corn silage (WPCS) to corn stover (stems+leaves) silage (CSS) (WPCS:CSS) to reach the greatest profit of dairy farmers and evaluated its consequences with corn available for other purposes, enteric methane production and milk nitrogen efficiency (MNE) at varying milk production levels.Methods: An optimization model was developed. Chemical composition, rumen undegradable protein and metabolizable energy (ME) of WPCS and CSS from 4 cultivars were determined to provide data for the model.Results: At production levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg milk/cow/d, the WPCS:CSS to maximize the profit of dairy farmers was 16:84, 22:78, 44:56, and 88:12, respectively, and the land area needed to grow corn plants was 4.5, 31.4, 33.4, and 30.3 ha, respectively. The amount of corn available (ton DM/ha/yr) for other purposes saved from this land area decreased with higher producing cows. However, compared with high producing cows (30 kg/d milk), more low producing cows (10 kg/d milk) and more land area to grow corn and soybeans was needed to produce the same total amount of milk. Extra land is available to grow corn for a higher milk production, leading to more corn available for other purposes. Increasing ME content of CSS decreased the land area needed, increased the profit of dairy farms and provided more corn available for other purposes. At the optimal WPCS:CSS, MNE and enteric methane production was greater, but methane production per kg milk was lower, for high producing cows.Conclusion: The WPCS:CSS to maximize the profit for dairy farms increases with decreased milk production levels. At a fixed total amount of milk being produced, high producing cows increase corn available for other purposes. At the optimal WPCS:CSS, methane emission intensity is smaller and MNE is greater for high producing cows.
Abstract
Objective: This study determined the optimal ratio of whole plant corn silage (WPCS) to corn stover (stems+leaves) silage (CSS) (WPCS:CSS) to reach the greatest profit of dairy farmers and evaluated its consequences with corn available for other purposes, enteric methane production and milk nitrogen efficiency (MNE) at varying milk production levels. Methods: An optimization model was developed. Chemical composition, rumen undegradable protein and metabolizable energy (ME) of WPCS and CSS from 4 cultivars were determined to provide data for the model. Results: At production levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg milk/cow/d, the WPCS:CSS to maximize the profit of dairy farmers was 16:84, 22:78, 44:56, and 88:12, respectively, and the land area needed to grow corn plants was 4.5, 31.4, 33.4, and 30.3 ha, respectively. The amount of corn available (ton DM/ha/yr) for other purposes saved from this land area decreased with higher producing cows. However, compared with high producing cows (30 kg/d milk), more low producing cows (10 kg/d milk) and more land area to grow corn and soybeans was needed to produce the same total amount of milk. Extra land is available to grow corn for a higher milk production, leading to more corn available for other purposes. Increasing ME content of CSS decreased the land area needed, increased the profit of dairy farms and provided more corn available for other purposes. At the optimal WPCS:CSS, MNE and enteric methane production was greater, but methane production per kg milk was lower, for high producing cows. Conclusion: The WPCS:CSS to maximize the profit for dairy farms increases with decreased milk production levels. At a fixed total amount of milk being produced, high producing cows increase corn available for other purposes. At the optimal WPCS:CSS, methane emission intensity is smaller and MNE is greater for high producing cows.
참고문헌 (36)
- Shi HT, "Effects of replacing wild rye, corn silage, or corn grain with CaO-treated corn stover and dried distillers grains with solubles in lactating cow diets on performance, digestibility, and profitability", J Dairy Sci, 98, pp.7183~7193 (2015)[DOI]
- Fan S, "A study on the cost and benefit to grow corn plants in China", pp.2014
- Verbic J, "Rumen degradation characteristics and fibre composition of various morphological parts of different maize hybrids and possible consequences for breeding", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 54, pp.13348~ (1995)[DOI]
- Godfray HCJ, "Food security : the challenge of feeding 9 billion people", Science, 327, pp.812~818 (2010)[DOI]
- Van Gastelen S, "Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating HolsteinFriesian cows fed grass silage-or corn silage-based diets", J Dairy Sci, 98, pp.1915~1927 (2015)[DOI]
- Cantalapiedra-Hijar G, "Dietary carbohydrate composition modifies the milk N efficiency in late lactation cows fed low crude protein diets", Animal, 8, pp.275~285 (2014)[DOI]
- Huisden CM, "Effect of applying molasses or inoculants containing homofermentative or heterofermentative bacteria at two rates on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage", J Dairy Sci, 92, pp.690~697 (2009)[DOI]
- Scheiner D, "Determination of ammonia and Kjeldahl nitrogen by indophenol method", Water Res, 10, pp.31~36 (1976)[DOI]
- He Y, "Lignin composition is more important than content for maize stem cell wall degradation", J Sci Food Agric, 98, pp.384~390 (2018)[DOI]
- He Y, "Relationships between chemical composition and in vitro gas production parameters of maize leaves and stems", J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 104, pp.12~21 (2020)[DOI]
- Menke KH, "The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro", J Agric Sci, 93, pp.217~222 (1979)[DOI]
- Cone JW, "Comparison of protein fermentation characteristics in rumen fluid determined with the gas production technique and the nylon bag technique", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 153, pp.2838~ (2009)[DOI]
- Cone JW, "Description of gas production profiles with a three-phasic model", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 66, pp.31~45 (1997)[DOI]
- NRC, "Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle" (2001), National Academy Press
- "The report of dairy quality in China" (2017)[URL]
- "Tracking milk prices and feed costs" (2007)[URL]
- Givens DI, "Feed into milk:a new applied feeding system for dairy cows", pp.21~40 (2004), Nottingham University Press
- Mertens DR, "Forage quality, evaluation, and utilization", pp.450~493 (1994), American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
- Liu CG, "China dairy yearbook" (2016), China Agriculture Press
- Johnson LM, "Corn silage management I : effects of hybrid, maturity, and mechanical processing on chemical and physical characteristics", J Dairy Sci, 85, pp.833~853 (2002)[DOI]
- D’Amours L, "Density profile of corn silage in bunker silos", Can Biosyst Eng, 47, pp.21~28 (2005)[DOI]
- Shinners KJ, "Comparison of wet and dry corn stover harvest and storage", Biomass Bioenergy, 31, pp.211~221 (2007)[DOI]
- National Development and Reform Commission, "Collection on the cost and profit of China agricultural products" (2017), China Statistics Press
- Kohler B, "Dry matter losses of grass, lucerne and maize silages in bunker silos", Agric Food Sci, 22, pp.145~150 (2013)[DOI]
- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Unions), "FAOSTAT", ~ (2017)
- Dei HK, "Recent trends for enhancing the diversity and quality of soybean products", pp.215~226 (2011), InTech Open Access Publisher
- Bannink A, "Modelling the implications of feeding strategy on rumen fermentation and functioning of the rumen wall", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 143, pp.3~26 (2008)[DOI]
- Vellinga TV, "Methodology used in FeedPrint: A tool quantifying greenhouse gas emissions of feed production and utilization", pp.108~ (2013), Livestock Research
- Shi S, "How to pricing corn silage in China", China Dairy Cattle, 8, pp.7~13 (2017)
- Zhu W, "Effects of dietary forage sources on rumen microbial protein synthesis and milk performance in early lactating dairy cows", J Dairy Sci, 96, pp.1727~1734 (2013)[DOI]
- Oba M, "Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage : effects on dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cows", J Dairy Sci, 82, pp.589~596 (1999)[DOI]
- Hook SE, "Impact of high-concentrate feeding and low ruminal pH on methanogens and protozoa in the rumen of dairy cows", Microbiol Ecol, 62, pp.94~105 (2011)[DOI]
- Hatew B, "Increasing harvest maturity of whole-plant corn silage reduces methane emission of lactating dairy cows", J Dairy Sci, 99, pp.354~368 (2016)[DOI]
- Ellis JL, "Aspects of rumen microbiology central to mechanistic modelling of methane production in cattle", J Agric Sci, 146, pp.213~233 (2008)[DOI]
- Dijkstra J, "Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production", pp.47~58 (2013), Wageningen Academic Publishers
- Nadeau E, "Nitrogen efficiency of dairy cows as affected by diet and milk yield", Livest Sci, 111, pp.45~56 (2007)[DOI]
