소아 중환자에서 지속적 신대체요법의치료 결과와 예후
Outcome and Prognosis in Critically Ill Children ReceivingContinuous Renal Replacement Therapy
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목 적 : 세계적으로 급성 신부전을 가진 소아 중환자의 경우 신대체요법으로서 CRRT가 우선적으로 적용되고 있는데 국내에서 CRRT에 대한 치료 결과나 이에 미치는 예후인자에 대한 연구가 드문 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 CRRT를 시행 받은 소아 환자군을 대상으로 치료결과와 예후인자를 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 세브란스 어린이병원 소아과에서 CRRT를 시행 받은 소아 중환자 32명을 대상으로 하여 환자들이 임상적 특징과 생존율, 그리고 이에 미치는 예후인자를 생존군과 사망군으로 나누어 비교 하였다. 결 과 : 총 32명의 평균 나이는 7.5세로 범위는 생후 4일에서 16살까지였고 평균 몸무게는 25.8 kg로 최소 3.2 kg 최고 63 kg였다. 기저 질환 중 조혈모세포이식과 악성종양 환자군이 가장 많았고, 이 군에서 생존율이 가장 낮았다. 전체 생존자는 11명으로 생존율은 34.4%였고 예후인자에 대한 연구에서 CRRT 시작시 PRISM III 점수(9.8±5.3 vs. 26.7±7.6, P<0.0001), 승압제 사용 수(2.1±1.2 vs. 3.0±1.0, P=0.038)와 수분 저류 정도(%FO, 5.2±6.0 vs. 15.0±8.9, P=0.002)가 사망군보다 생존군에서 의미 있게 낮았다. 또 다중 회귀분석을 통해 높은 수분 저류만이 독립적 위험인자임을 확인하였다. 결 론 : 저자는 이 연구를 통해 소아 급성 신부전 환자에서 생존율이 환자의 중증도와 체내 수분 저류와 연관성이 높다는 것을 확인하였고, 환자의 전신상태가 보다 좋을 때 특히 수분 저류가 시작되기 전에 CRRT를 빨리 시작하는 것이 생존율을 높일 수 있다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.
Abstract
Purpose : Continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) has been the first choice for the treatment of acute renal failure in critically ill children not only in western countries but also in Korea. However, there are very few studies that have analyzed the outcome and prognosis of this modality in Korean children. We performed this study to evaluate the factors associated with the outcome and prognosis of patients treated with CRRT. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 32 children who had received CRRT at Severance hospital from 2003 to 2006. The mean age was 7.5 years(range 4 days- 16 years) and the mean body weight was 25.8 kg (range 3.2-63 kg). Results : Eleven(34.4%) of the 32 patients survived. Bone marrow transplantation and malignancy were the most common causes of death and underlying disease leading to the need for CRRT. Mean patient weight, age, duration of CRRT, number of organ failures, urine output, estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR), C-reactive protein, and blood urea level did not differ significantly between survivors and nonsurvivors. (1) Pediatric risk of mortality(PRISM) III score at CRRT initiation(9.8±5.3 vs. 26.7±7.6, P<0.0001), (2) maximum pressor number (2.1±1.2 vs. 3.0±1.0, P=0.038), and (3) the degree of fluid overload(5.2±6.0 vs. 15.0±8.9, P= 0.002) were significantly lower in survivors than in nonsurvivors. Multivariate analysis revealed that fluid overload was the only independent factor reducing survival rate. Conclusion : CRRT was successfully applied to the treatment of acute renal failure in a wide range of critically ill children. To improve survival, we suggest the early initiation of CRRT to prevent the systemic worsening and progression of fluid overload in critically ill children with acute renal failure.
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