요로감염 환아에서 신실질내 역류의 임상적 의의
Clinical Significance of Intrarenal Reflux in Children withUrinary Tract Infection
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목 적 : 신실질내 역류란 소변이 신우에서 신세뇨관으로 역류하는 것을 의미하며 소아에서 신손상을 초래하여 신반흔, 고혈압, 단백뇨, 만성신부전등을 일으킨다. 본 연구의 목적은 방관 요관 역류가 있으면서 신실질내 역류가 있는 환아군과 신실질내 역류가 없는 환아군을 비교 분석하여 신실질내 역류의 임상적 특성에 대하여 알아 보고자 한다. 방 법 : 2004년부터 2006년까지 요로감염으로 아주대병원 소아과에 내원한 환아중 배뇨성 방광요관조영술을 시행하여 3단계 이상의 방광요관역류가 있었던 환아 80명을 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 환자는 신실질내 역류의 유무에 따라 두군으로 분류하여 신실질내 역류에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 비교 조사하였다. 결 과 : 3단계 이상의 방광요관 역류가 있는 환아 80명중 17명이 신실질내 역류가 있는 것으로 조사되었으며 신실질내 역류가 있는 군에서 진단 당시 나이, 역류등급, 단백뇨에서 유의한 차이를 보였으나 성별, 추적검사에서 호전율, 말초혈액 백혈구 수, C-반응단백, 요중 백혈구 수, 농뇨 지속기간에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 신실질내 역류의 위치와 DMSA 스캔의 광자 결손의 위치가 대부분에서(82.35%) 일치하는 결과를 나타내었다. 결 론 : 방광요관역류에 의하여 발생된 요로감염 환자에서 신실질내 역류가 있는 경우 나이가 적었으며, 방광요관역류의 정도가 심하고, 단백뇨가 많이 검출되었다. 또한 신스캔상 신손상의 빈도가 높은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다. 한편 추적영상검사를 하였을 때, 신실질내 역류에 관계없이 대다수 환아에서 진단당시 보였던 방광요관역류나 신손상 소견이 대부분 호전됨을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
Purpose : Intrarenal reflux(IRR) is backflow of urine from the renal pelvis into the collecting ducts. IRR is the main cause of renal injury in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) which leads to renal scars, hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic renal failure. The purpose of our study was to investigate the characteristics of intrarenal reflux. Method : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 80 patients who were diagnosed as having grades of III-V VUR from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 in the department of pediatrics in Ajou University Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of IRR on voiding cystoureterogram and compared to each other for the possible factors associated with intrarenal reflux. Results : Among 80 VUR patients, IRR(+) group comprised 17(21.3%) patients and 27 renal units(23.2%) and revealed younger age, higher grade of VUR, and more proteinuria compared to IRR(-) group. There were no significant difference in gender, laboratory findings and the rate of resolution in VUR or defects on renal scan between two groups. Also, intrarenal reflux mostly corresponded to the same site of photon defects on DMSA scan. Conclusion : We suggest that intrarenal reflux tends to be associated with younger age, higher grade of reflux, more proteinuria with no difference in resolution rate of VUR when compared to the VUR patients without IRR. From this study, we were able to understand the characteristics of intrarenal reflux in children with urinary tract infection.
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