The Psychometric Properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in a Sample of Korean University Students
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective Depressive symptoms among university students are a major mental-health issue worldwide, and university students are particularly vulnerable to various stressors that can produce depression. Therefore, accurate and sustainable assessment of depressive symptoms among university students is of special importance. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is one such measure. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 among Korean university students. Methods A total sample of 582 university students attending a four-year private university in South Korea was recruited for the study. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed to compare the goodness-of-fit of four competing models suggested by extant literature on the PHQ-9. Convergent validity was assessed using a correlation analysis between the PHQ-9 and other psychiatric instruments, including the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Results A one-factor structure of the PHQ-9 provided the best fit to the data. Internal consistency was adequate. The PHQ-9 demonstrated good convergent validity with related constructs. Conclusion The psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 proved to be adequate, with a robust and interpretable factor structure and good internal consistency. The PHQ-9’s validity, reliability, brevity and ease of administration make it a useful screening instrument for depression among university students in Korea.
Abstract
Objective Depressive symptoms among university students are a major mental-health issue worldwide, and university students are particularly vulnerable to various stressors that can produce depression. Therefore, accurate and sustainable assessment of depressive symptoms among university students is of special importance. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is one such measure. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 among Korean university students. Methods A total sample of 582 university students attending a four-year private university in South Korea was recruited for the study. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed to compare the goodness-of-fit of four competing models suggested by extant literature on the PHQ-9. Convergent validity was assessed using a correlation analysis between the PHQ-9 and other psychiatric instruments, including the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Results A one-factor structure of the PHQ-9 provided the best fit to the data. Internal consistency was adequate. The PHQ-9 demonstrated good convergent validity with related constructs. Conclusion The psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 proved to be adequate, with a robust and interpretable factor structure and good internal consistency. The PHQ-9’s validity, reliability, brevity and ease of administration make it a useful screening instrument for depression among university students in Korea.
참고문헌 (41)
- SooKyungKoo, "Depression Status in Korea", Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 9(4), pp.141~142 (2018), 질병관리청[DOI]
- Lim GY, "Prevalence of depression in the community from 30 countries between 1994 and 2014", Sci Rep, 8, pp.2861~ (2018)
- Kessler RC, "The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)", JAMA, 289, pp.3095~3105 (2003)
- World Health Organization, "Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates" (2017), World Health Organization
- 신철민, "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression in General Population of Korea: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 32(11), pp.1861~1869 (2017), 대한의학회
- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, "OECD Health Statistics", ~ (2017)
- Korean Statistical Information Service, "Suicide Rate", Statistics Korea, ~ (2017)
- The Survey of Mental Disorders in Korea, "Hong JP", Ministry of Health and Welfare, ~ (2016)
- Steptoe A, "Depressive symptoms, socioeconomic background, sense of control, and cultural factors in university students from 23 countries", Int J Behav Med, 14, pp.97~107 (2007)
- Jo KH, "Qualitative content analysis of suicidal ideation in Korean college students", Collegian, 18, pp.87~92 (2011)
- Choi JH, "A study on Korean university students’ depression and anxiety", Ind J Sci Technol, 8(S8), pp.1~9 (2015)
- Keum BT, "Testing the factor structure and measurement invariance of the PHQ-9 across racially diverse U.S. college students", Psychol Assess, 30, pp.1096~1106 (2018)
- McGuire L, "Depressive symptoms and lymphocyte proliferation in older adults", J Abnorm Psychol, 111, pp.192~197 (2002)
- Kroenke K, "The PHQ-9 : validity of a brief depression severity measure", J Gen Intern Med, 16, pp.606~613 (2001)
- American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)" (2013), American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc
- Beard C, "Validation of the PHQ-9 in a psychiatric sample", J Affect Disord, 193, pp.267~273 (2016)
- Petersen JJ, "Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for female and male primary care patients with major depression in Germany", J Affect Disord, 170, pp.138~142 (2015)
- de Jonge P, "Differential association of cognitive and somatic depressive symptoms with heart rate variability in patients with stable coronary heart disease : Findings from the Heart and Soul Study", Psychosom Med, 69, pp.735~739 (2007)
- Krause JS, "Assessment of depressive symptoms during inpatient rehabilitation for spinal cord injury: is there an underlying somatic factor when using the PHQ?", Rehabil Psychol, 53, pp.513~520 (2008)
- Krause JS, "Factor structure and predictive validity of somatic and nonsomatic symptoms from the patient health questionnaire-9 : a longitudinal study after spinal cord injury", Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 91, pp.1218~1224 (2010)
- Richardson EJ, "Factor structure of the PHQ-9 screen for depression across time since injury among persons with spinal cord injury", Rehabil Psychol, 53, pp.243~249 (2008)
- Yu X, "The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for measuring depressive symptoms among the general population in Hong Kong", Compr Psychiatry, 53, pp.95~102 (2012)
- Kocalevent RD, "Standardization of the depression screener patient health questionnaire(PHQ-9)in the general population", Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 35, pp.551~555 (2013)
- Liu SI, "Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression screening among the elderly patients in Taiwan", Int J Gerontol, 10, pp.193~197 (2016)
- Adewuya AO, "Validity of the patient health questionnaire(PHQ-9)as a screening tool for depression amongst Nigerian university students", J Affect Disord, 96, pp.89~93 (2006)
- Granillo MT, "Structure and function of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 among Latina and non-Latina white female college students", J Soc Social Work Res, 3, pp.80~93 (2012)
- Anum A, "Depressive symptomatology in adolescents in Ghana : examination of psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9", J Affect Disord, 256, pp.213~218 (2019)
- 최홍석, "주요우울장애의 선별 도구로서 한국판 Patient Health Questionnaire- 9의 표준화", Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 28(2), pp.114~119 (2007), 대한가정의학회
- Han C, "Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Korean version in the elderly population : the Ansan Geriatric study", Compr Psychiatry, 49, pp.218~223 (2008)
- Lovibond PF, "The structure of negative emotional states : comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales(DASS)with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories", Behav ResTher, 33, pp.335~343 (1995)
- Spitzer RL, "A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder : the GAD-7", Arch Intern Med, 166, pp.1092~1097 (2006)
- Arbuckle JL, "AMOS 20.0 User’s Guide" (2011), Amos Development Corporation
- Dempster AP, "Maximum likelihood estimation from incomplete data via the EM algorithm (with discussion)", J R Stat Soc Series B, 39, pp.1~38 (1977)
- A Gentle Tutorial of the EM Algorithm and its Application to Parameter Estimation for Gaussian Mixture and Hidden Markov Models, "Bilmes JA", University of Berkeley, ~, pp.Technical Report ICSI-TR-97-021 (1997)
- Byrne BM, "Factor analytic models : viewing the structure of an assessment instrument from three Perspectives", J Pers Assess, 85, pp.17~32 (2005)
- Bryant FB, "Reading an Understanding Multivariate Statistics", pp.99~136 (1995), American Psychological Association
- Byrne BM, "Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument : a walk through the process", Psicothema, 20, pp.872~882 (2008)
- Marsh HW, "In search of golden rules : comment on hypothesis testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu & Bentler’s(1999)findings", Struct Equ Modeling, 11, pp.320~341 (2004)
- Fan X, "Sensitivity of fit indices to model misspecification and model types", Multivar Behav Res, 42, pp.509~529 (2007)
- Browne MW, "Alternative ways of assessing model fit", Sociol Methods Res, 21, pp.230~258 (1992)
- Fabrigar L, "Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research", Psychol Methods, 4, pp.272~299 (1999)